While wind energy production is relatively free from environmental externalities such as air pollution, it is frequently considered to negatively impact landscapes' visual aesthetic values, thereby inducing negative effects on tourism demand. Existing evidence for Germany indeed points towards a negative relationship between tourism demand and wind turbine construction. However, the existing studies primarily rely on interview data and simple bivariate statistics. In contrast, we make use of secondary statistics on tourism and wind turbine locations at the level of German municipalities. Using spatial panel regression techniques, we confirm a negative relation between wind turbines around municipalities and tourism demand for municipalities not located near the coast. In the latter regions, the relation between wind turbines and tourism demand is more complex.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. , Tom Broekel, Rolf Sternberg Terms of use: Documents in Abstract:The paper contributes to the on-going debate about the relative importance of economic and ameni-ty-related location factors for attracting talents or members of the creative class. While Florida high-lights the role of amenities, openness, and tolerance, others instead emphasize the role of regional productions systems, local labour markets and externalities.The paper sheds light on this issue by analysing changes in the spatial distribution of four groups of artists over time: visual artists, performing artists, musicians, and writers. Little evidence is found for amenity-related factors influencing the growth rates of regional artist populations. Moreover, artists are shown to be a heterogeneous group inasmuch as the relative importance of regional factors sig-nificantly differs between artist branches.

No abstract

Florida's idea that people, rather than the business climate, attracts talents from outside a region has induced a huge number of studies that test his concept of a 'creative class'. Most studies are quantitative in nature and deal with 'observed choices'. Qualitative research can complement these studies by revealing the intrinsic motivations for migration. However, many qualitative studies lack a life course perspective that is essential for understanding migration. This article presents results from a case study that applied the life history calendar method using in-depth interviews with individuals from the field of design and advertising in three German regions. The results show that the intention to move and the motives of migration vary significantly over a person's lifetime. Social relations, qualifications and employment opportunities as well as self-employment are the main reasons for moving or staying. There is little evidence that soft location factors such as openness and tolerance shape migration decisions and destination choices. The stories of the interviewees are lively accounts why not all creative people gravitate towards creative hubs like Berlin and instead settle down in second-tier cities.

Zusammenfassung: Empirische Analysen zur Wirtschaftsgeographie der "Kreativen Klasse" beschränken sich zumeist auf urbane Regionen. Der vorliegende Artikel testet drei von Richard Floridas Kernaussagen für das überwiegend nicht urban geprägte Bundesland Niedersachsen in Deutschland: die räumliche Verteilung der Mitglieder der "Kreativen Klasse", ihr Binnenmigrationsmuster und ihre Gründungsmotive. Einige von Floridas Annahmen bestätigen sich auch für Niedersachsen, andere nicht. Politische Handlungsempfehlungen am Ende des Textes sollen helfen, die Wirkungen der Beschäftigungseffekte der "Kreativen Klasse" auf die übrige Wirtschaft Niedersachsens zu steigern.Abstract: Empirical results on the economic geography of the creative class are mainly restricted to urban areas. This paper tests three of Richard Florida's ideas for the largely non-urban Federal State of Lower Saxony, Germany: the spatial distribution of creative class members, their internal migration pattern and their entrepreneurial motivation. Some of Florida's assumptions hold true for Lower Saxony as well, while others do not. Recommendations for policy-makers are provided in order to increase the effects of creative class employment on the real economy in Lower Saxony and its regions.