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The Otakou area on the Otago Peninsula, New Zealand has extensive cockle beds which may be exposed to faecal contamination from several sources. Shellfish and sediments from four sites at Otakou were sampled monthly from March to August 1988 and tested for faecal coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and enteroviruses. No pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the shellfish or the sediment samples. Poliovirus Type 1 was isolated from the shellfish on three occasions at three separate sites. Faecal coliform concentrations in the cockles were below 230 MPN/100 g on all but one occasion including the times when viruses were isolated. It was concluded that the Otakou area is subjected to sporadic faecal contamination and that the presence of faecal coliform bacteria did not provide an adequate indication of the presence of viruses.

Cellulated clay products suitable for structural uses and having fine, uniform cellulation, low density, high strength, accurate dimensions, large unit size, open or closed cells, and high or low absorption have been developed. Materials, methods of manufacture, and properties of foamclay, a lightweight material for interior applications, are presented together with the results of a pilot-plant operation. Compositions and firing techniques a r e given for the manufacture of large firebloated units from buff-burning fire clays. The firebloated products are characterized by low density and high strength and can be produced with either high or zero absorption. The industrial applications and future possibilities of these products are discussed.