Summary The radiographic findings in 167 horses subjected to radiography of the facial area, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are recorded. Cases were grouped according to clinical diagnosis and the common and disparate radiographic features between and within groups are discussed. Dental disease occurred most frequently and accounted for about 30 per cent of cases, most of which had periapical infection. This disorder presented as two distinct clinical entities in almost equal numbers affected teeth with roots rostral to the maxillary sinus usually produced facial swelling, whereas those with roots within the sinus were generally associated with nasal discharge as a result of secondary sinusitis. In the former group periapical changes could readily be identified on radiographs, but in the latter group affected teeth could be recognised with confidence in only about half the cases. Primary sinusitis was the commonest specific condition recorded and accounted for 32 cases, three of which were mycotic. Using lateral erect projections, comparison of the radiographic features of primary sinusitis and sinusitis secondary to dental disease showed some useful differentiating signs. In four ponies, rhinitis associated with sinusitis led to disruption of the intra‐nasal structures but mycotic rhinitis, nasal ulceration and an intra‐nasal foreign body produced no radiographic abnormalities. Sixteen cases of suture periostitis were recorded, with varying degrees of new bone formation, and of 13 animals presented for evaluation of trauma, pre‐diagnosed fractures were demonstrated in 10 and complications due to sinusitis in three. Twelve cases of paranasal sinus cysts and three of 10 progressive ethmoidal haematomas showed non‐specific radiographic changes within the spectrum of those recorded in sinusitis, while the remaining ethmoidal haematomas produced distinctive clearly defined opacities, four of which were within paranasal sinuses. Four tumours were confirmed histologically, but other neoplastic lesions are probably also included in a group of 10 cases of undiagnosed cysts or masses. Other conditions, which occurred sporadically, are of anecdotal interest only. The incidence of wolf teeth among a group of 134 horses was 33 per cent.

Summary Cardiac dimensions and indices of cardiac function were measured in 29 clinically normal adult Thoroughbreds (TB) which performed minimal exercise using guided M‐mode and two‐dimensional (2‐D) echocardiography, from a variety of image planes and measurement methods, and standardised imaging planes based on intracardiac anatomical landmarks. The different methods of measuring these variables were compared. The variables which were considered to be most valuable for quantitative echocardiography were measured in a further 9 horses. Comparable measurements of cardiac dimensions can be obtained from a variety of different imaging planes, using either 2‐D or guided M‐mode echocardiography from the left or right side of the chest, although differences in measurement methods must be taken into account. The results of this study give a useful range of dimensions and indices of cardiac function in normal adult TBs for comparison with those recorded from horses with suspected cardiac disease. Comparisons are only valid if there is meticulous attention to correct orientation of imaging planes with regard to internal landmarks and that comparable measurement locations and timing are used.

The clinical and radiological features of atlanto‐axial subluxation in the dog are described with reference to a series of 30 cases. Two methods of treatment were evaluated. In 13 dogs, a dorsal approach was used and the atlas and axis stabilised with a wire suture. Four cases had respiratory arrests during surgery; one of these and seven others made full recoveries after wiring. In 10 dogs treated by lag screw fixation of the ventral articular facets there were no complications during surgery and nine of these recovered within two months. Atlanto‐axial subluxation was diagnosed in 30 dogs referred to the Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Bristol between 1977 and 1986. The condition was encountered in six small breeds of dog and was seen most frequently in the Yorkshire

Both kidneys were imaged ultrasono‐graphically in each of 100 normal adult dogs. Small but significant differences were found in the dimensions of the left and right kidneys and in renal dimensions of male and female dogs of similar bodyweight. There was a statistically significant correlation between renal length and bodyweight (r = 0–84, P<0–001). The relationship between renal length and bodyweight was linear except at very low or very high bodyweights. There was also a statistically significant correlation between renal volume and bodyweight (r = 0–91, P<0–001), and the relationship remained linear even at extremes of bodyweight. Graphs could therefore be constructed for renal lengthy bodyweight and renal volume/bodyweight with 95 per cent confidence limits.

Seventeen cats with primary lung tumours were referred to the University of Bristol Veterinary School between 1970 and 1986. Clinical, radiographic and pathological findings were recorded in each case. Analysis of these findings allowed assessment of those features most helpful in reaching a definitive diagnosis.