The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cyberstalking victimization, characteristics of victims and offenders, and the impact of cyberstalking on the victims' well-being and mental health. An online survey of 6,379 participants was carried out, involving users of the German social network StudiVZ. Subjective mental health status was assessed with the WHO-5 well-being index. The prevalence of cyberstalking was estimated at 6.3%. In various aspects, cyberstalking was comparable to offline stalking: cyberstalking occurred most often in the context of ex-partner relationships; most of the victims were female and the majority of the perpetrators were male. Compared to non-victims, victims of cyberstalking scored significantly poorer on the WHO-5 well-being index. The prevalence of cyberstalking is considerable. However, if stringent definition criteria comparable to those of offline stalking are applied, it is not a mass phenomenon. The negative impact of cyberstalking on the victims' well-being appears similar to that of offline stalking. Hence, cyberstalking should be taken as seriously as offline variants of stalking by legal authorities and victim assistance professionals.

This study focuses on the operationalization and validation of text-based process variables in psychotherapeutic Internet chat groups. The process variables activity, outdegree (OD; i.e., the frequency at which a group member addresses others in the group), and indegree (ID; i.e., the frequency at which a group member's name is mentioned by other group members or by the therapist [IDT]) were operationalized. Using 1,046 session transcripts from 130 participants of an Internet chat aftercare program, the authors studied the concurrent and predictive validity of activity, OD, ID, and IDT and of 52 text-based variables comprising linguistic, emotional, and cognitive aspects. Results showed consistent correlations between psychometric group ratings and the text-based variables ID, OD, and activity. The predictive validity of the variables IDT, ID, and activity was rather low but as good as the predictive validity of the psychometric ratings. The clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Implications for applications in the field of outcome assessment and the challenge of further validation are discussed. The relation between sensitivity to change and criterion validity is highlighted.

Time structure of outpatient psychotherapy is important for clinical practice, as well as for theoretical and cost-effectiveness reasons. In this paper, important time variables (session number and frequency, therapy duration, utilization of the allocated session contingent, extension of therapy) are studied in a sample of n=714 German insurees in outpatient psychotherapy over a four-year period. Session number and duration of therapy were modelled with survival analysis, Cox regression was used to study the influence of covariates assessed at the beginning of therapy. Results are reported separately for the three therapy approaches financed by the German health insurance system: psychoanalytic psychotherapy (AP), psychodynamically-oriented therapy (TP) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (VT). Results show median session numbers of 25 (VT), 42 (TP) and 101 (AP) and a therapy duration of 12.8 (VT), 16.7 (TP) and 23.5 (AP) months. Initial therapeutic alliance was negatively associated with therapy duration and session number in AP. In TP and VT, a negative association between age and treatment duration was observed. 72.5% of the total session contingent was utilized and 38.4% of the participants applied for additional therapy sessions. An extension of psychotherapy happened more frequently 1) in psychoanalytic treatments and 2) in participants with higher initial psychological distress. Results show that the utilization of therapeutic resources differs from both theoretical concepts and fixed contingents allocated by health insurances. Potential implications for the allocation of psychotherapeutic resources are discussed.

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