No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Collision lesions are rare neoplasms often described in the hepatobiliary system, genitourinary system and adrenal glands. Vertebral haemangiomas (VH) are the most common lesions involving the vertebral bodies. VHs are usually asymptomatic and considered as "Do not touch" lesions. Rarely they can be symptomatic. Imaging findings of typical and atypical haemangiomas, variant forms of haemangioma such as aggressive haemangiomas are well known. Collision lesions involving VHs are extremely rare. This article presents a series of cases with collision lesions of the vertebral body involving VHs. Advances in knowledge: This Case series demonstrates the various collision lesions in spinal haemangioma.

COVID-19 has had significant impact on medical students and medical education. In this article, we discuss the effect on medical education and general well-being based on survey and measures to mitigate the same.

No abstract

Aim: To ascertain the changing incidence over time of the three commonest primary sarcomas of bone. Data obtained with particular reference to central chondrosarcoma from the annual referral rate to a large UK-based specialist orthopaedic oncology unit. To discuss how the "barnyard pen" analogy of cancers previously applied to certain commoner cancers can also be applicable to central chondrosarcoma (CS) of bone. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was conducted of a computerised database identifying all central cartilage tumours (CCT) of bone, including enchondroma and CS subtypes, between 1985 and 2018. These were compared with the referrals of the other two commonest primary sarcomas of bone, osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Results: There was a total of 1507 CS showing a 68% overall increase in annual referral rate/incidence over the study period. 68% cases were the borderline malignant lesions now known as atypical cartilaginous tumour (ACT). The annual referral rate/incidence of this entity increased by 194% over the 30 years. Whereas, the annual referral rate/incidence for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma was static for the past 20 years. Conclusion:The annual incidence of central CS of bone showed a marked increase over the 33-year period as compared with both osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. This is especially in the ACT category and is thought to be due to the increased provision of MRI scanning flagging up a rise in incidental findings. The spectrum of CCTs from benign to highly malignant elegantly fits the "barn yard" pen analogy and could prove useful as an explanatory tool for patients and clinicians unfamiliar with these diseases.

No abstract