We have observed experimental evidence of the effects of non-Kolmogorov turbulence (NKT) on wavefront tilt. In addition, we have observed the anisotropy of the horizontal and vertical tilt components caused by the anisotropy of turbulence near the telescope. We developed an experimental method, which allowed us to eliminate telescope vibration and isolate the atmospheric tilt from the star Polaris. The spatial and temporal statistics of the wavefront tilt were determined by using aperture masks having diameters in the range from 0.1 m up to 3.5 m. The measured dependencies of the tilt variance on the aperture diameter deviate from the prediction based on the Kolmogorov model. These dependencies have a knee, where the tilt variance approaches a constant level determined by NKT. Anisotropy was observed when comparing the X and Y components of wavefront tilt. On average the horizontal outer scale of turbulence estimated from the tilt statistics is larger than the vertical one by a factor of 2-3. Local topographical features and the telescope dome affect the outer scale with the result that the outer scale measured at the 1 .5 m telescope is smaller than that at the 3 .5 m telescope. The tilt power spectra have a ç2/3 andf"3 behavior in the intermediate and high frequency range, respectively, which is predicted by
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