Background and Purpose-Guidelines recommend cognitive screening in acute stroke. Various instruments are available, with no consensus on a preferred tool. We aimed to describe test accuracy of brief screening tools for diagnosis of cognitive impairment and delirium in acute stroke. Methods-We collected data on sequential stroke unit admission in a single center. Four assessors trained in cognitive testing independently performed screening and reference tests. Brief assessments comprised the following: 10-and 4-point Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT-10; AMT-4); 4-A Test (4AT); Clock Drawing Test (CDT); Cog-4; and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). We also recorded the multidisciplinary team's informal review using single question (SQ). We compared against reference standards of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Confusion Assessment Method for delirium using usual diagnostic cutpoints. For MoCA, we described effects of lowering the diagnostic threshold to MoCA <24 and MoCA <20. We described sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Results-Over a 10-week period, 111 subjects had cognitive assessment data. Subjects were 50% male (n=55), and median age was 74 years (interquartile range, 64-85). AMT-4, AMT-10, and SQ all had excellent (1.00) specificity for detection of cognitive impairment, although sensitivity was poor (all <0.60). The 4AT had greatest sensitivity for detecting delirium (
A general theory of elastic spin-dependent collisions between electrons and spinless molecules is developed. The main emphasis is on scattering from oriented, chiral and achiral molecules, although results for isotropic target systems are also derived. Spin-dependent phenomena are predicted and illustrated with several examples. In particular, chiral effects are discussed in detail and classified according to their behaviour under spatial inversion and time reversal. The authors identify two types of chiral phenomena associated with systems exhibiting 'time-even' and 'time-odd' chirality. The corresponding observables are calculated for a chiral model molecule. It is concluded from the numerical results that the predicted new spin-dependent effects could be measured experimentally.
A theory of rotational Raman optical activity in chiral symmetric top molecules is presented. The required rotational transition polarizability and optical activity tensors are calculated using irreducible tensor methods for axially symmetric systems. Selection rules on optically active rotational Raman scattering are found to be basically the same as for conventional rotational Raman scattering, namely A J = 0 , f l , f2 with AK =0, but in addition to possessing an anisotropic polarizability, the molecule must be chiral and must possess an anisotropy in the electronic optical activity tensors. A measure of this optical activity anisotropy is provided by the dimensionless circular intensity difference in a resolved rotational Raman band or in the envelope of unresolved bands provided the envelope is resolved from the central sharp Rayleigh line. A group polarizability model is used to calculate the rotational Raman optical activity in a chiral (D3) conformation of triphenylborane.
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