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This study demonstrated the nascent success of EM implementation in multiple Chinese institutions. Simulation training enhances the implementation and clinical usage of EM. Simulation training in an operating room was sufficient to learn how to use EM.

Background Immunosuppression following solid organ transplantation is a known risk factor for the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). Primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) occurring in the posttransplant setting is rare, which has made comprehensive understanding of this disease challenging. This study aims to further characterize the spectrum of clinicopathologic features of CTCL in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for SOTR who were diagnosed with CTCL at a multi‐site academic medical center from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2013. Eight patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Data collected included patient demographics, transplanted organ, the time between transplant and CTCL diagnosis, clinical presentation and rash morphology, a histological subtype of CTCL, immunosuppression regimens, and patient status. Twelve diagnostic skin biopsies for five patients were examined and reviewed by a board‐certified dermatopathologist. Results Six (75%) out of the eight patients were men, two (25%) were women, and the median age was 53 years. The median time from the date of transplant to the diagnosis of CTCL was 8.2 years. Transplanted organs included the liver (4), kidney (3), and heart (1). Clinical presentation varied from papulonodules, comedone‐like lesions, intense pruritis, and scaly erythematous eruptions. The most common histologic presentation was folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) (7/12). Epstein–Barr virus‐in situ hybridization (EBV‐ISH) was negative in all specimens. Conclusions We emphasize the rarity of CTCL among SOTR. Although rare in the general population, the FMF subtype appears to be disproportionately seen in SOTR compared with other CTCL.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy worldwide, but it very rarely metastasizes. Perineural invasion in basal cell carcinoma has been well documented in the literature, but evidence of intravascular invasion has rarely been reported. We describe a rare case of metatypical basal cell carcinoma with intravascular invasion and discuss the clinical management associated with this presentation. The patient was successfully treated with two stages of Mohs micrographic surgery.

Introduction/backgroundAbdominal hysterectomy is an open surgical procedure associated with considerable post-operative pain. Narcotics are often required during patient recovery but can result in adverse side effects. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block) is a regional anesthetic technique that is found to be an effective post-operative analgesia for many types of abdominal surgeries, including abdominal hysterectomies. However recent literature shows contradicting results regarding TAP block’s analgesic effect on recovery from abdominal hysterectomies. This study investigated the efficacy of TAP block to reduce narcotic consumption and improve pain scores in abdominal hysterectomy patients.MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study was performed. The inclusion criteria was patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy at Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women & Babies (WPH) between January 12, 2015 and December 31, 2015. Exclusion criteria were patients who received a second surgery within the same hospitalization, experienced an in-hospital mortality event, received hysterectomy for known malignancy, stayed in the hospital less than 24 hours, and whose charts contained missing data points.Data collected were: age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay, total narcotic consumption (intra-operation, in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), first 24 hours after admittance, during entire hospital stay, total patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) quantity, and total oral narcotics quantity. All narcotics were converted into parental morphine units for analysis. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) scores at two, four, eight, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours after leaving the PACU were collected. Two-tailed paired T-test was performed to compare the narcotic consumption and pain scores between the TAP block group and the non-TAP block group.ResultsWPH used ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block for patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomies. 63 patient charts were evaluated with 32 in the TAP block group and 31 in the non-TAP block group. Narcotic consumption was significantly different in the PACU with TAP block group consuming less narcotics than non-TAP block group (5.05 vs 8.65 IV morphine equivalents, p=0.012). TAP block group’s mean narcotic consumption was not significantly lower than Non-TAP block group’s mean consumption during intra-operation, first 24 hours after admittance, and total hospital stay (p=0.419, p=0.533, p=0.754 respectively). Mean NPRS scores at all hours (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24) displayed no statistical difference between the two groups. Total patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and total overall oral narcotic usage showed no statistically significant differences between TAP block group and Non-TAP block group (p=0.252, 0.669 respectively).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that TAP block did reduce narcotic requirement in the PACU but did not exhibit superior analgesic efficacy after discharge from the PACU, nor reduce the total length of hospital stay.

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