Salmonella osteomyelitis in children is an uncommon condition, typically associated with hemoglobinopathies or other underlying disorders. Only few cases have been reported in children without predisposing factors. We describe 4 cases of Salmonella osteomyelitis in otherwise healthy children. Since treatment duration is expected to be prolonged, the practice of direct inoculation of aspirates into blood culture bottles appears to be essential for diagnosis and targeted therapy.

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In a country where prenatal CMV testing is common and therefore a false sense of control might prevail, nonprimary maternal infection should not be overlooked. Indeed, women of childbearing age should be educated on CMV prevention measures irrespectively to their serostatus.

In immunocompromised hematology/oncology patients, respiratory infections are both common and potentially severe. However, there is still a noticeable gap in the medical literature, regarding the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in pediatric hematology/oncology patients. This is mainly due to research being focused on readily treatable causes and to limitations by time-consuming diagnostic techniques. Recent developments, though, have produced sensitive and accurate methods for detecting viruses, yielding results within hours and able to screen for multiple species and subtypes, illuminating at the same time "novel" viruses that cause disease in immunocompromised patients. In this review, the epidemiology and disease burden of viral respiratory infections among pediatric oncology patients and hemopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients are discussed. Additionally, recent therapeutic and preventive options promising improved outcomes are reviewed.