Baltic Dry Index (BDI) reflects the prices of sea transport performed by Capesize, Panamax, Supramax and Handysize bulk carriers only. The prices of the transport with vessels of smaller tonnage are not considered in the calculation of BDI, therefore principally it should be assumed that BDI does not refer to a tonnage different from the observed. On the other hand, the demand for maritime transport services depends on the state of international trade of goods. Generally, the international market of goods is common for all ship types and tonnages. In the production processes starting from the extraction of raw materials till the sale of finished products to end customers; it can be done by several transport carriages in succession, which provide the intermediate production stages. Transport demand is secondary and depends on international trade, but on the other hand, this demand is multilevel. From an economic point of view, it is important to study the interrelationships between maritime transport providing the intermediate production stages, from the extraction of raw materials till the sale of the final goods.
A basic principle in Law is the freedom of contract. Particularly, in Private Shipping Law, contractual parties may agree on all lawful terms and conditions which are most appropriate for the performance of the carriage. During the years of maritime trade practice, different types of contracts has been created, as well as systems of Chain Charter Parities have been adopted, through all of which the relations between maritime traders were settled. All this has contributed to maritime commercial practices for the carriage to be carried out not only by the shipowners, but also by other maritime traders with the appropriate authority and competence.
Tramp shipping operates in a highly competitive environment and is fundamentally considered a free trade economic model. Water transport ensures the supply of raw materials and the distribution of finished products in international trade. The main task for water transport is to ensure the reliability of supplies, at prices that are on the one hand profitable for carriers, and on the other hand, stimulate international trade. In this regard, carriers are taking various measures to improve supply. One of the measures that are in constant development is the organization of shipping. It is known that with good organization and cooperation in shipping, better results are achieved, which benefit everyone – carriers and consignors. Shipowners are in a constant process of renewing their fleet and organizing fleet management. The organizational forms are different, but some of them affect the application of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. This publication examines checks in tramp shipping and their compliance given the Art. 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The topic is under-researched and is of theoretical and practical interest.
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