Optimal cutpoints" for binary classification tasks are often established by testing which cutpoint yields the best discrimination, for example the Youden index, in a specific sample. This results in "optimal" cutpoints that are highly variable and systematically overestimate the out-of-sample performance. To address these concerns, the cutpointr package offers robust methods for estimating optimal cutpoints and the out-of-sample performance. The robust methods include bootstrapping and smoothing based on kernel estimation, generalized additive models, smoothing splines, and local regression. These methods can be applied to a wide range of binary-classification and cost-based metrics. cutpointr also provides mechanisms to utilize user-defined metrics and estimation methods. The package has capabilities for parallelization of the bootstrapping, including reproducible random number generation. Furthermore, it is pipe-friendly, for example for compatibility with functions from tidyverse. Various functions for plotting receiver operating characteristic curves, precision recall graphs, bootstrap results and other representations of the data are included. The package contains example data from a study on psychological characteristics and suicide attempts suitable for applying binary classification algorithms.

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We describe the design concepts of the modular humanoid robot Myon, which can be disassembled and reassembled during runtime. The body parts are fully autonomous in a threefold sense: they all possess their own energy supply, processing power, and a neural network topology which allows for stand-alone operation of single limbs. The robot has especially been designed for robustness and easy maintenance. It exhibits a combination of an endoskeleton with an exoskeleton, the latter of which can manually be detached without the need for technical equipment. One of the essential parts is a novel flange which firmly connects the body parts mechanically, whilst at the same time relaying the power supply lines and sensorimotor signals. We also address the details of the antagonistic and compliant actuation system which not only protects the gears against high impact forces but also enables biologically inspired joint control.