Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) with adaptive properties make lightweight structures feasible that not only possess a high mechanical force absorption but are also able to adapt their mechanical characteristics, such as geometry and rigidity, to external influences. Within the framework of the basic research presented here, new adaptive FRPs are developed on a basis of textile reinforcement semi-finished products integrated with actuators made from shape-memory alloys (SMAs). The realization of adaptive FRPs requires not only knowledge of the material-specific actuatory properties of the functional materials. It also necessitates the development of textile-technical solutions fully exploiting the actuatory potential of the SMAs within the composite. Promising approaches are hybrid yarn structures based on friction spinning technology. In order to reduce the great experimental effort, modeling and simulation of the SMA's material behavior and of the adaptive FRPs' complex composite behavior are carried out by means of finite element methods. It is shown that the developed actuators generate sufficiently high tensions of about 700-800 N/mm 2 , to bend the FRP specimen up to 45 .In comparison to conventional isotropic materials such as metals, lightweight constructions from fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) have many advantages with regards to the design of material properties. A purposeful alignment and array of the reinforcement thread layers permits the local and global suitable adjustment of strength and rigidity in the FRPs. The applicationoriented material characteristics of FRP composites enable the material and energy-efficient realization of components used in vehicle and aerospace engineering, in the field of regenerative energies, for example, as highly resilient rotor blades in wind power plants.Apart from the possibility to purposefully realize mechanical gradient properties in the reinforcement textile and the composite component by integrating functional threads, the principle of laminated layer construction of FRPs promises great potential in the functionalization of lightweight structures and components. 1-3 By integrating functional elements in the form of sensors and actuators in or between the individual reinforcement layers and the thereby realizable active functional constructions, the high performance already achieved by FRPs can be considerably increased. The integration of actuatorily operating materials allows for the execution of FRPs whose properties can be set selectively, for instance in order to
StreszczenieW artykule opisano sensory stosowane w aplikacjach zrobotyzowanych systemów spawalniczych oraz ich zalety i wady wpływające na dobór odpowiednich rozwiązań do poszczególnych zastosowań, umożliwiający osiągnięcie oczekiwanej jakości złączy oraz wymaganej wydajności procesu.
abstractThe article presents the sensors used in the robotic applications for welding processes and their advantages and disadvantages to have an effect on selection of appropriate solutions for specific applications for achieving the desired quality of joints and welding process capacity.
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