Preterm birth is a global epidemic and a leading cause of neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of preterm birth among women attending the labor ward for delivery at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among a cohort of 209 pregnant women admitted to the labor ward of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). Pregnant women who delivered between 28 and 36 completed weeks of gestation were classified as preterm delivery whereas those who delivered after 37–42 completed weeks were described as term. Sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data were collected from patient's folder and hospital archives. Categorical variables were analyzed and expressed as frequencies and proportions. We determined the association between obstetric factors and preterm delivery with multiple logistic regressions. Significance level of the strength of association was determined at p-value < 0.05. of the 209 participants, the prevalence of preterm birth was 37.3% (78/209) whereas 62.7% (131/209) delivered at Term. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [aOR = 2.15, 95% CI = (1.819.55), p = 0.0390], HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) syndrome [aOR = 3.94, 95% CI = (1.64–9.48), p = 0.0020], early gestational obesity [aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = (1.31–11.92), p = 0.0480] and preeclampsia [aOR = 4.56, 95% CI = (1.63–12.76), p = 0.004] were identified as independent risk factors of preterm birth. Prevalence of preterm birth was high among women attending labor admission at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and this was independently influenced by IUGR, HELLP syndrome, early gestational obesity, and preeclampsia. Identifying early signs of adverse pregnancy outcomes would inform the need for management policy to prevent high prevalence of preterm births.
Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) pose a formidable health risk to school-age children in resource-limited settings. Unfortunately, mass deworming campaigns have been derailed since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The present study assessed the cross-sectional associations between STHs, nutritional status and academic performance of schoolchildren in the Banda District of Ghana. Methods Schoolchildren (5–16 y of age; n=275) were recruited through both school and household visits by community health workers using a multistage cluster sampling technique. In addition to school microscopy, anthropometric records were also taken. Results The prevalence of geohelminthiasis was 40.4% (95% confidence interval 34.6 to 46.2). STHs targeted for elimination by the World Health Organization and national programmes were detected among schoolchildren. Children with intestinal parasite infection (53.7 [standard deviation {SD} 11.5]) had lower mean academic scores compared with uninfected children (59.6 [SD 16.9]) (p=0.034). In multiple regression analysis, intestinal parasite infection status and z-scores for weight-for-age showed a collective significant effect on the academic score (F1117=8.169, p<0.001, R2=0.125). Conclusions Schoolchildren with STHs had poorer academic performance compared with uninfected children, despite their nutritional status. In addition to school feeding programmes, school-based mass drug administration campaigns may be critical for improving learning outcomes in young schoolchildren.
Objectives: To assess variability and predictability of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and their ratios in non-obese and obese women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (aPCOS). Results: A total of 52 ovulatory controls (mean age=31.63±4.88 years, BMI=25.33±2.68 kg/m3); 54 non-obese [mean age=32.11±4.25 years, BMI=25.72±2.95 kg/m3] and 50 obese women with aPCOS [mean age= 33.64±4.14 years, BMI=39.19±2.99 kg/m3] were recruited. The aPCOS group had lower adiponectin [13.0(10.49-16.59) vs 18.42(15.72-19.92) µg/ml, p<0.0001], adiponectin: leptin ratio (A:L) [0.60(0.35-0.88) vs 1.19(0.92-1.37), p<0.0001], and adiponectin: resistin ratio (A:R) [0.30(0.21-0.43) vs 0.42(0.32-0.62), p<0.0001] but a higher leptin [20.02(14.54-26.80) vs 16.17(14.51-18.36) ng/ml, p<0.0001] and leptin: resistin ratio (L:R) [0.53(0.37-0.82) vs 0.40(0.27-0.48), p<0.0001] compared to the controls. The obese aPCOS group had lower adiponectin [11.04(5.66-13.25) vs 14.18(11.04-18.02), p<0.0001 and 18.42(15.72-19.92) µg/ml, p<0.0001], A:L [0.36(0.27-0.44) vs 0.78(0.61-1.16), p<0.0001 and 1.19(0.92-1.37), p<0.0001], and A:R [0.24(0.17-0.38) vs 0.40(0.23-0.58), p<0.0001 and 0.42(0.32-0.62), p<0.0001] but a higher leptin [26.80(14.28-32.09) vs 17.95(14.86-21.26), p<0.05 and 16.17(14.51-18.36) ng/ml, p<0.0001] and L:R [0.63(0.46-1.03) vs 0.41(0.30-0.61), p<0.0001 and 0.40(0.27-0.48), p<0.0001] compared to the non-obese aPCOS and control group, respectively. A:L showed the best discriminatory power in predicting aPCOS (AUC=0.83), followed by adiponectin alone (AUC=0.79), L:R and leptin alone (both AUC=0.69). Resistin alone had the poorest discriminatory power (AUC=0.48).
Objectives To assess the variability in adiponectin, leptin, and resistin between ovulatory women, and non-obese and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study also explores the ratios of the adipokines and evaluated their predictability for PCOS. Results The PCOS group presented with lower adiponectin [13.0(10.49-16.59) vs 18.42(15.72-19.92) µg/ml, p<0.0001], adiponectin: leptin ratio [0.60(0.35-0.88) vs 1.19(0.92-1.37), p<0.0001], and adiponectin: resistin ratio [0.30(0.21-0.43) vs 0.42(0.32-0.62), p<0.0001] but a higher leptin [20.02(14.54-26.80) vs 16.17(14.51-18.36) ng/ml, p<0.0001] and leptin: resistin ratio [0.53(0.37-0.82) vs 0.40(0.27-0.48), p<0.0001] compared to the ovulatory group. The obese PCOS group presented with lower adiponectin [11.04(5.66-13.25) vs 14.18(11.04-18.02) µg/ml, p<0.0001 and 18.42(15.72-19.92) µg/ml, p<0.0001], adiponectin: leptin ratio [0.36(0.27-0.44) vs 0.78(0.61-1.16), p<0.0001 and 1.19(0.92-1.37), p<0.0001], and adiponectin: resistin ratio [0.24(0.17-0.38) vs 0.40(0.23-0.58), p<0.0001 and 0.42(0.32-0.62), p<0.0001] but a higher leptin [26.80(14.28-32.09) vs 17.95(14.86-21.26) ng/ml, p<0.05 and 16.17(14.51-18.36) ng/ml, p<0.0001] and leptin: resistin ratio [0.63(0.46-1.03) vs 0.41(0.30-0.61), p<0.0001 and 0.40(0.27-0.48), p<0.0001] compared to the non-obese PCOS and ovulatory control group, respectively. Adiponectin: leptin ratio presented with the best discriminatory power in predicting PCOS (AUC=0.83) followed by adiponectin alone (AUC=0.79), and leptin: resistin ratio and leptin alone (both AUC=0.69). Resistin alone presented with the poorest discriminatory power (AUC=0.48).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.