Water-based elastomers (WBE) are polymeric elastomers in aqueous systems. WBE have of recent continued to gain wide acceptability by both academia and industry due to their remarkable environmental and occupational...
With the additional challenge of forecasting a transmitter’s radio coverage region, radio propagation models concentrate on path loss realization. Empirical approaches are used in radio propagation models. Path loss models are essential in mobile radio systems for effective planning, as well as for calculations of interference, frequency assignments, and cell parameters-the fundamental building blocks of the network planning process. For a given scenario, they are created using a substantial amount of data collected. This work presents a comparative study of path loss models in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band in vegetated environments of three cities in South Eastern Nigeria. The applicability of the computed empirical propagation models was confirmed using the practical measured data collected from the fields. The findings revealed that, in general, all the vegetated environments had path loss that was overestimated by the SUI and ECC-33 models. For any vegetated region of South Eastern Nigeria, the Hata’s model outperforms the other propagation models, with mean square error (MSE) values of 4.08 dB, 5.50 dB, and 3.75 dB respectively. The MSE value is below 6 dB, thus it is suitable for signal prediction.
This study investigates metallic inclusions in ground maize forms of dry, paste and wet using domestic grinding machine and its health implications to human. With progressive maize processing using the grinding machine, metals are introduced as contaminants into ground maize due to wear and tear of the grinding discs and other machine parts. Maize samples of 1 kg each were grinded in wet, paste, and dry forms. The metallic inclusions were extracted from the ground maize forms using magnetisation, sedimentation and decantation. The extractions were quantified using an Electronic weighing balance and were characterised using, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Optical Emission Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Iron fillings were discovered to be the dominant metallic inclusion present in the various food forms and also in the grinding disc with 88.48% by weight in the grinding disc. The extracted metallic inclusions is 0.157g/kg, 0.196g/kg and 0.268 g/kg for dry, paste and wet ground maize forms which exceeded the World Health Organisation limit of 15 mg/kg. The EDS result show that the wet form has the highest amount of metallic inclusions of 95.97 at. %, the paste form with 91.39 at. % and dry form with 83.35 at. %. From the SEM analysis of particle size, the dry, paste and wet ground maize had 17μm, 27μm and 36μm particle sizes respectively. When in excess the Iron filling metallic inclusions from the ground maize accumulates in body organs since there is no physiological mechanism to eliminate excess iron thereby leading to health complications. The accumulated iron in the heart causes increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, siderosis and hemochromatosis in the liver leading to hepatoma-the primary cause of cancer of the liver among others. Elevated levels of free iron also predisposed individuals to high risk of bacterial and viral infections leading to death.
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