Plants contain antinutritional factors
(ANFs) with negative impact
on protein digestibility and nutritional quality. We aim to highlight
the importance of extraction method on the coextraction of different
ANFs to put focus on this challenge regarding the usability of plant-protein
ingredients. We mainly focus on the research behind the established,
industrial techniques, wet extraction and dry fractionation, in relation
to ANFs. These methods give protein powders differing considerably
in protein concentrations and ANF contents. Wet extraction offers
the highest protein concentration (typically >85%) and lowest ANF
content (reduction between 75% and 96%, depending on the type of ANF).
Usage of chemicals and energy has pushed the development of new extraction
techniques; hence dry fractionation is explored. However, it was typically
found that dry fractionation resulted in an accumulation of some ANFs
in the resultant protein concentrates. Innovative separation methods,
like selective electrodialysis, forward osmosis, immobilized metal
affinity, and zinc reductants, are suggested to be effective processes
for concentration, purification, and selection of proteins. In general,
more research is needed, and strategies to sophisticate extraction
methods, for example by combining with pre- and postprocessing, and
ensure high quality of the protein fractions are mandatory.
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