A prospective study of 622 consecutively registered patients with 650 breast tumors was performed to appraise the reliability of combined physical examination, mammography, and fine-needle puncture (triple test) in the preoperative diagnosis of such tumors. All malignant as well as benign test results were confirmed by subsequent histologic examination. The diagnostic accuracy of the triple test at benign changes is comparable to that of histologic examination, but participation of experienced radiologists and cytologists as well as persons skilled in fine-needle puncture is required. Twenty-eight percent of the planned excisional biopsies were made superfluous by the fine-needle puncture, which immediately revealed the tumor as a cyst, abscess, or hematoma. For this reason, too, fine-needle puncture is recommended as a routine procedure.
Previous research has identified aspects of the outpatient interactions between patients and physicians that are important for patient satisfaction. In this study, conjoint analysis was used to determine the relative importance of these factors to patients. This study found the perceived skill of the physician to be the most important factor and waiting time in the office the least important. The use of conjoint analysis should help both patients and physicians to maximize patient satisfaction while minimizing costs as much as possible.
A patient who had two primary tumors in the same breast is described. Both tumors were infiltrating duct carcinomas, but they differed as far as histologic malignancy and estrogen-receptor-positivity are concerned. One tumor was estrogen-receptor-positive the other was estrogen-receptor-negative. The case illustrates the multicentric origin of breast cancer as well as its cellular heterogeneity. Problems of treatment are discussed.
The histology, estrogen (ER)‐ and androgen (AR)‐ receptor content, s‐FSH, s‐LH, s‐17‐β‐estradiol, U‐17‐ketosteroid and U‐17‐ketogen steroid patterns were measured in a consecutive series of 20 patients operated on for gynecomasty. Two out of 22 specimens were ER‐positive, and 4 out of 22 were AR‐positive. No relationship was demonstrated between the histopathologic features, ie. active – intermediate – inactive gynecomasty, and the steroid receptor content in the present limited number of cases. In addition, there was no marked relationship between the histopathologic features and the hormone values.
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