There are currently over 175 million Twitter accounts worldwide, making Twitter one of the most popular and most observed Social Media platform. But Twitter is not so much a social network where the exchange of personal information is facilitated -in fact, recent surveys state that it's not very social at all with a large amount of inactive accounts and a low motivation of engaging in dialogues [1]. Twitter has rather evolved into a pool of constantly updating information streams consisting of links, short status updates, and eyewitness news. Among the millions of users, a small percentage is what is called the group of influencers or alpha users. They have a large, active audience that consumes and multiplies the content published by the influencer. Thus, an influencer's content -whether it is plain text or links -is distributed in a number of micro-networks and receives attention from a large amount of users even though they might not even be direct followers of the influencer. The further the content is spread, the further the influence of the user reaches.There are various tools that enable performance measurement on Social Media. Some only sum up numbers such as the amount of followers or mentions gained on Twitter; others interpret the numbers and rate the performance using a specific algorithm. An example for the latter is Klout, a popular service that will be looked at more closely, focusing on the question of how Klout calculates its scores which serve as a means of measuring success of Twitter usage.The research purpose of this paper is to determine a grounded approach for measuring social networking potential of individual Twitter users.
International audienceA legal basis for the use of electronic signatures exists since the introduction of qualified electronic signatures in EU Directive 1999/ 93/EC. Although considered as key enablers for e-Government and e-Commerce, qualified electronic signatures are still not widely used. Introducing amobile component addresses most of the shortcomings of existing qualified signature approaches but poses certain difficulties in the security reasoning. The proposed server based mobile signature approach authenticates the signatory over trusted channels and assists the protection of the signature-creation data with organizational measures. As with traditional qualified signature approaches, strong authentication of the signatory to the system is ensured by two factors. Knowledge of a PIN and possession of a valid subscriber identity module card is verified over two separate communication channels. The qualified mobil server signature fulfills the requirements on secure signature-creation devices defined by the EU directive and in particular its Austrian implementatio
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