Simultaneous measurements of PLIF-kerosene and PLIF-OH have been successfully performed in a multipoint injection system for various overall equivalence ratio, air inlet temperature between 480 and 730 K and pressure up to 2.2 MPa. Single shot 2Dmaps of the spatial distribution of kerosene vapour and OH radical in the combustor have been recorded with good signal-to-noise ratio. Results show that depending on the split between the pilot and the main injectors, the flame front exhibits a single or a double structure. Good spatial correlation between the repartition of the kerosene vapour and the position of the flame front was observed; in particular, no "dark zone" is observed between the fuel and the flame front. As temperature and pressure increase, fuel evaporation improves and the spatial distribution of OH radical becomes more homogeneous in the combustor, suggesting a partially-distributed combustion. To cite this article: M.
Soot is one of the most discussed pollutants in ground and air traffic. Moreover, its effect as source of intense radiation is significant as soon as locally rich mixtures occur, especially at increased pressure. This motivates the need to better understand soot formation and oxidation in turbulent, pressurised environment in order to prevent its emission as much as possible. A detailed understanding of the underlying processes can be gained when correlating sophisticated CFD modelling with well-defined validation experiments at technical conditions. LII has proven to be a valuable diagnostic to quantitatively monitor soot distributions inside combustion processes. However, application to pressurized gas turbine combustors has rarely been published for several reasons. Here, we present trends for soot distributions inside at technical combustor operated between 4 and 20 bar at realistic geometries and flow rates. Considerations on tackling typical challenges at technical conditions are presented. The resulting time-averaged soot distributions serve to determine positions of soot formation and oxidation as well as quantification of soot concentrations under the highly challenging technical conditions of the study. In general, soot concentrations were found to be relatively low. In combination with data derived independently from the present work, involving application of other diagnostics (OH and kerosene distributions as well as temperatures), a good validation data set is available to support soot modellers.
Methods for the Characterization of Boron p. 81 Combustion of Boron-Containing Fuels in Solid Fuel Ramjets p. 91 Recent Studies of the Kinetics of Solid Boron Gasification by B[subscript 2]O[subscript 3(g)] and Their Chemical Propulsion Implications p. 113 Overview of Boron Ducted Rocket Development During the Last Two Decades p. 133
A methodology for computing steady turbulent reacting flows and the formation of pollutants in combustors for aeroengine applications is presented. The aim of this paper is to describe and to further validate the proposed computational approach. A 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) proprietary code and a Kinetic Post-Processor (KPP) have been coupled and applied to calculate the gas temperature and pollutant emissions. The thermo-fluid dynamics results of the CFD code are post-processed by the KPP with the use of detailed kinetics for predicting pollutant emissions, with special emphasis on nitrogen oxides. A new application of the above calculation methodology has been carried out on an injection system based on Partial Evaporation and Rapid Mixing (PERM) concept, designed and developed in the frame of the EU program for NEW Aero engine Core concepts (NEWAC). This injection system was studied experimentally at Karlsruhe University and ONERA using a tubular combustor, in order to perform the first assessment in terms pollutant emissions at the outlet at different operating conditions. The model predictions are compared with experimental results and globally the agreement is satisfactory, especially for NOx emissions. The analysis of the data presented in this paper provides useful information for further improvements in both modeling and experimental activities.
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