Scan time is a crucial factor in industrial computed tomography (CT). With modern computers performing reconstructions in seconds or minutes, the duration for the projection acquisition, which is often in the order of hours, becomes the limiting factor. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the number of projections in order to cut costs or allow for new applications, such as inline CT. So far, many different approaches mostly targeting the reconstruction method have been performed to optimize the outcome for undersampled data, but only few work has been conducted concerning the scan planing. Nevertheless, the commonly used circular standard-trajectories for image acquisition are highly inefficient since they do not consider the geometry of the inspected objects. It has already been shown that using workpiece-tailored instead of conventional circular trajectories can shorten scan times significantly. In this work we present an observer model based algorithm that has previously been applied in medical and industrial studies and extend it in several aspects. Subsequently, we focus on comparing different observer models that have not been used for this optimization yet and evaluate their performance for identifying valuable projections that contribute most to the reconstructed image.
Suitable for a session on "Training, education and standardization" Non-destructive testing methods and their basic principles are an integral part of most technical curricula of academic institutions in particular in engineering sciences. The Technical University in Munich (Chair of Non-destructive Testing) is bringing together these basics in a lecture series that is offered to a wide range of disciplines including civil, environmental and mechanical engineering including most NDT techniques including UT, RT, ET, MT, AT, TT, VT, SHM and many more. NDT is a teaching topic that requires skills from several disciplines including materials science and material testing, measurement techniques and sensors, data processing and computer science, and eventually simulation techniques. According teaching courses can be attractive for students since they offer opportunities to include interesting experiments in the lectures as well as new media. However, such courses and the practical work are suffering from pandemic situations, where special hygienic requirements are essential. This presentation will present a collection of ideas to tackle this situation with some examples from six months experience during the CoVid19 crisis. The examples include a combination of online teaching courses with exercises, webinars, homework and (limited) practical trainings. The underlying pedagogic concept is following the fundamentals of constructive alignment.
Recently, non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDT-CE), in particular of concrete components, has successfully mastered the leap from research to practice. Several methods have been established for field inspections to determine the concrete cover of reinforcement or to estimate the compressive strength as well as other parameters related to the concrete material. In addition, the application of nondestructive testing is indispensable, if information about the inner structure - such as the location of rebars and tendon ducts or the damage-related condition assessment to detect grouting defects, honeycombs, delamination, or corrosion - is required. Besides the selection of a suitable NDT method and an appropriate inspection system, the reliability of the results depends largely on the person who applies the non-destructive inspection technique and evaluates the inspection results. To ensure a high quality of non-destructive concrete evaluation as well as to keep the uncertainty caused by the inspection personnel to a minimum, structured, consistent and regulated theoretical as well as practical training of inspection personnel is essential. To close this gap, the subcommittee of education (UA-A) within the committee for NDT-CE of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP) has been reactivated in 2018 to establish uniform training standards for nondestructive concrete inspections in the long term. The subcommittee consists of scientists, practitioners, authorities, and clients. So far, the national standard DIN 4871 “Non-destructive testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT personnel in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)” was developed and is currently under review. This standard considers the civil-industry-specifics, for example, that standards for NDT of concrete, as well as related product standards with a few exceptions, still do not exist at the moment. Within this presentation, the concept, the connection to ISO 9712 and other standards as well as an overview of the developed German standard DIN 4871 will be presented.
La contribution s’attache à décrire le mouvement qui, sur un gros siècle, entre la fin du xix e et le début du xxi e siècle, conduit une tradition historiographique qui s’est d’abord définie comme « ecclésiastique » à accomplir un « tournant » épistémologique qui l’amène à se définir plutôt comme « culturelle ». Tout en éclairant les courants qui, jouant un rôle de médiation, ont contribué à rendre cette évolution possible, l’auteur bat en brèche l’idée que nous sommes véritablement en présence d’un « tournant », et suggère que cette approche renoue en réalité avec de plus anciennes traditions. On serait ainsi moins strictement en présence d’une forme de rupture que de la récupération d’une perspective qui s’est trouvée marginalisée au moment même où l’historiographie entamait l’évolution dont il est question ici. Le mouvement d’ensemble est étudié en portant une attention plus forte aux manières dont s’est écrite l’histoire des christianismes, en particulier durant l’époque moderne.
This contribution summarizes actual developments and draft fundamental teaching topics in the field of non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDTCE). It is based on the first memorandum on teaching and research in the field of NDTCE at Germanspeaking universities and provides an overview of the academic education and highlights possible focuses, especially in regards to teaching but also takes into account noteworthy developments and topics in research in the field of NDTCE. Suggestions are given for the development and advancement of the teaching curricula in regards to a comprehensive and sound professional education of students in civil engineering and adjacent disciplines. In terms of content and form, this contribution is based on the memorandum of university teachers in the sister field of “Building Materials”. Resulting parallels are therefore not by chance but rather intended. The memorandum was developed out of an initiative of the Subcommittee on Education – Workgroup Education in Universities – of the technical committee NDT in Civil Engineering of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP).
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