Wireless sensor nodes become more and more attractive for a broad variety of application scenarios. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be easily deployed and they require by design low maintenance effort. But running installations are still rare, because real world requirements and environmental conditions are even today a big challenge. Especially in multi-hop networks a minimum lifetime of several years cannot be achieved globally. In this paper, the authors present a Distributed Low Duty Cycle (DLDC) based Multi-Hop Routing (MHR) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks guaranteeing a minimum network lifetime. The authors introduce a forecast scheme to calculate the expected life of a node with a minimal effort. The authors are convinced that by using a forecast scheme the network topology and the used protocols can be easily optimized before deploying the network. The authors evaluated their forecast scheme by measuring real sensor node parameters and simulating an example network in the Castalia simulation framework. The authors demonstrated that by using the proposed scheme an energy consumption forecast with a deviation of less than three per cent can be achieved.
Wireless sensor nodes are becoming more and more considered for a wide variety of application scenarios. But by going into real world scenarios requirements becomes more complex and must be covered more accurate. Furthermore, these requirements must be met by a development process that is driven by the factors of cost and time. Reusing components is a promising way to make such a development process more efficient. We present a flexible and customizable sensor node platform which follows the objective to assemble as few functional units as possible on a single Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The PCBs are connected by a standardized boardto-board connector, which makes a free ordering and mixture of different modules possible. We will show that by using a standardized Mote Component Interconnect (MCI) an extension as well as an adaption of a sensor node to new scenarios becomes feasible by adding or replacing single platform components. The presented sensor node platform allows a fast and inexpensive development process as it is necessary for current and upcoming real word applications.
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