This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA,, in maternal and term infant nutrition as well as infant development. Consensus recommendations and practice guidelines for health-care providers supported by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Early Nutrition Academy, and the Child Health Foundation are provided. The fetus and neonate should receive LC-PUFA in amounts sufficient to support optimal visual and cognitive development. Moreover, the consumption of oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk for early premature birth. Pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average daily intake of at least 200 mg DHA. For healthy term infants, we recommend and fully endorse breastfeeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA, as the preferred method of feeding. When breastfeeding is not possible, we recommend use of an infant formula providing DHA at levels between 0.2 and 0.5 weight percent of total fat, and with the minimum amount of AA equivalent to the contents of DHA. Dietary LC-PUFA supply should continue after the first six months of life, but currently there is not sufficient information for quantitative recommendations.
Since several innovations have recently changed the criteria of choice and management of peripheral venous access (new devices, new techniques of insertion, new recommendations for maintenance), the WoCoVA Foundation (WoCoVA = World Conference on Vascular Access) has developed an international Consensus with the following objectives: to propose a clear and useful classification of the currently available peripheral venous access devices; to clarify the proper indication of central versus peripheral venous access; discuss the indications of the different peripheral venous access devices (short peripheral cannulas vs long peripheral cannulas vs midline catheters); to define the proper techniques of insertion and maintenance that should be recommended today. To achieve these purposes, WoCoVA have decided to adopt a European point of view, considering some relevant differences of terminology between North America and Europe in this area of venous access and the need for a common basis of understanding among the experts recruited for this project. The ERPIUP Consensus (ERPIUP = European Recommendations for Proper Indication and Use of Peripheral venous access) was designed to offer systematic recommendations for clinical practice, covering every aspect of management of peripheral venous access devices in the adult patient: indication, insertion, maintenance, prevention and treatment of complications, removal. Also, our purpose was to improve the standardization of the terminology, bringing clarity of definition, and classification.
A multiharmonic frequency domain analysis combined with a Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis is presented to compute the dry friction damped forced response of blades. The accuracy of the analysis is established, for a cantilever beam with a dry friction damper attached, by comparison with experimental results and time domain analysis. The method has then been applied to a model fan blade damped by a blade to ground damper.
Six infants suspected of food allergy during breastfeeding were evaluated using prick tests, total IgE, RASTs and intestinal permeability measurements during fast and provocation with mother's milk. An elimination diet was undertaken in mothers, removing first cow's milk protein (CMP), then, when inefficient, all foods suspected on the clinical history or a positive prick test in the child, followed by oral challenges in mother's diet with the corresponding food. The sole CMP-free diet in mothers always proved insufficient. In four, an additional diet excluding two to three other foods cleared the symptoms. Oral provocations in mother's diet with those foods were positive in all. In two, mothers turned down a diet excluding more than four foods, symptoms cleared while feeding the child with an extensively hydrolysed formula, whereas challenges with mother's milk induced immediate reactions. Intestinal permeability was altered during provocation tests with mother's milk sampled before maternal diet. Food allergy during breastfeeding may be due to multiple foods and the inefficacy of the sole CMP elimination in mothers does not rule out food sensitization.
This paper deals with the characterization of the blade manufacturing geometric tolerances in order to get a given level of amplification in the forced response of a mistuned bladed-disk. The theory is based on the use of a nonparametric probabilistic model of blade random uncertainties. The dispersion parameters controlling the nonparametric model are estimated as a function of the geometric tolerances. The industrial application is devoted to the mistuning analysis of a 22 blades wide chord fan stage. Centrifugal stiffening due to rotational effects is also included. The results obtained validate the efficiency and the reliability of the method on three dimensional bladed disks.
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