<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a method for the digital collaborative design, construction and operation of buildings. However, in order to realize a complete view on needed work and expenses of a building, the surrounding landscape elements must be considered as well. Within this paper, the BIM authoring tool Autodesk Revit and the open BIM data model and exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) has been investigated for its capability to represent landscape elements like a terrain model, retaining walls, and ways. Therefore, a feasibility study has been carried out including the surveying of real-world landscape objects like terrain, buildings, ways and paths, playgrounds, and retaining walls, in order to use actual existing objects instead of idealized, theoretical elements. The aim was to develop and evaluate a workflow from the surveying over the modeling in BIM-able software to the export of an IFC data file. Therefore, the general modeling concepts of BIM and their suitability and limitations for representing landscape elements has been investigated. Experiences made within the project are discussed and first solutions and concepts are recommended. In addition, this paper reports from the buildingSmart International working group “Site, Landscape, and Urban Planning”, their current work and future goals, in order to extend IFC for landscape objects. Additionally, a concept for level of information need referring to landscape elements is shown.</p>
Abstract. Digital Terrain Models (DTM) play an important role for digital twins of the built environment. However, if the Building Information Modeling method (BIM) is used, many engineers find it difficult to provide BIM-compliant terrain models. We present a small tool with which classic DTM, which have been created by landsurveyors or geospatial engineers, can be converted into the format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) in order to be used in openBIM projects. This paper first clarifies the use cases and then goes into detail on possible configurations of the transformation process. With the presented software tool IfcTerrain the user may select different export options concerning IFC object type of the terrain, geometric representation, georeferencing or the annotation with metadata. IfcTerrain is free and open source and was developed in the context of an educational institution.
Abstract. The integration of geodata and building models is one of the current challenges in the AECOO (architecture, engineering, construction, owner, operation) domain. Data from Building Information Models (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can’t be simply mapped 1:1 to each other because of their different domains. One possible approach is to convert all data in a domain-independent format and link them together in a semantic database. To demonstrate, how this data integration can be done in a federated database architecture, we utilize concepts of the semantic web, ontologies and the Resource Description Framework (RDF). It turns out, however, that traditional object-relational approaches provide more efficient access methods on geometrical representations than triplestores. Therefore we developed a hybrid approach with files, geodatabases and triplestores. This work-in-progress-paper (extend abstract) demonstrates our intermediate research results by practical examples and identifies opportunities and limitations of the hybrid approach.
Abstract. This paper for the keynotes of the MVPBIM 2022 conference gives an overview of the current standardization efforts in the GIS/BIM context. The motivation for this paper is to strengthen the general awareness of BIM/GIS standardization and to promote the technical report ISO/TR 23262:2021 (ISO/TR) to academia and professional engineers. The ISO/TR was developed by the ISO/TC59/SC13-ISO/TC211 Joint Working Group 14 GIS-BIM interoperability (JWG14) and is presented and discussed in detail. The report identifies barriers and opportunities for BIM/GIS interoperability and suggests further specific standardization efforts. All results of the ISO/TR relate to standardization, not to mathematical foundations nor software products. The ISO/TR shows how diverse the standardization efforts for data structures, services, content and processes are, when it comes to the interoperability of digital twins of the built environment. In conclusion, future trends in GIS-BIM standardization will be anticipated and the need for standardization is shortly presented on two practical examples.
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