Several studies reveal the prevalence of negative response bias (NRB) in civil forensic settings, but little NRB base rate information is available for criminal forensic neuropsychological settings. We reviewed the published literature on neuropsychological NRB in the civil setting. We then present data from 105 criminal defendants serially referred for neuropsychological assessment to determine the prevalence of NRB. The rate of NRB using one positive indicator was 89.5%. The rate was 70.5% when using two or more positive indicators and 53.3% for three or more indicators. Based on the Slick, Sherman, and Iverson (1999) classification for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND), 19% were Valid, 26.7% were Possible MND, 32.4% were Probable MND, and 21.9% were Definite MND. The combined rate of probable and definite MND was 54.3%. Results suggest rates of neuropsychological NRB and malingering in criminal forensic settings are higher than in civil forensic settings.
This study explores the relationship between the Reconstructed (RC) scales and the Fake Bad Scale (FBS) of the MMPI-2 in the context of a personal injury population to demonstrate which RC scales are susceptible to symptom exaggeration. The sample consisted of 76 compensation-seeking participants who were assessed for neurocognitive dysfunction. A multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the Reconstructed Scale T-scores with the FBS T-scores. Three of the nine RC scales (RC1, RC2, RC3) were significantly (p <. 05) associated with FBS, with RC7 demonstrating a strong trend (p =. 0526). These scale scores accounted for approximately 66% of the variation in the FBS score. The RC1 scale accounted for the most variation (R(2) =. 53). Results suggest that the RC scales are susceptible to exaggeration of somatic concerns and non-psychotic emotional distress.
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