At present simulation is very much underused as a training tool in medicine, and features little in the postgraduate training curriculum. In obstetrics and gynaecology simulation could be used as an educational tool to assist in (1) transfer of knowledge, (2) practising diagnostic and simple practical skills, (3) surgical skills training, (4) emergency drill training and (5) human factors and team training. Whereas simulation should not be perceived as a replacement for training with real patients, educators should embrace the opportunities that simulation provides and integrate it into current training programmes to maximize training opportunities and patient safety.
The purpose of this study is to examine the turning points volunteers found important in their hospice training and volunteer experiences. Seventeen individuals who had recently completed hospice training were asked about the turning points in their training and volunteering that were important in their becoming and remaining a hospice volunteer. The study finds that volunteers have a wide variety of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and group reasons for becoming and remaining a hospice volunteer. The findings suggest that hospice staff need to create a wide variety of events which volunteers can identify with to help people want to become and remain volunteers.
Abstract.The component-based model of code execution imposes some requirements on the software components themselves, and at the same time lays some constraints on the modern run-time environment. Software components need to store descriptive metadata, and the run-time system must access this 'reflectively' in order to implement dynamic linking. Software components also undergo dynamic evolution whereby a client component experiences the effects of modifications, made to a service component even though these occurred after the client was built. We wanted to see whether the dynamic linking mechanism implemented in Microsoft's .NET environment could be utilized to maintain multiple versions of components. A formal model was developed to assist in understanding the .NET mechanism and in describing our way of dealing with multiple versions. This showed that .NET incorporates all the features necessary to implement such a scheme and we constructed a tool to do so.
The promises of object-orientation and distributed computing could be delivered if the software we needed were written in stone. But it isn't, it changes. The challenge of distributed object-oriented maintenance is to find a means of evolving software, which already has a distributed client base.Working within this scenario, we observe how certain object-oriented language systems seek to support differing client requirements and service obligations. In particular, we examine how the Java Language Specification (JLS) facilitates the concept of binary compatibility, a useful property, but one that may introduce a class of clients who dare not re-compile! Following a suggestion in the new draft JLS, we describe our tool to manage distributed version control and we formulate some proposals for future developments.
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