Burkholderia multivorans is a prominent B. cepacia complex (BCC) species causing infection in people with cystic fibrosis. Despite infection control measures being introduced to reduce the spread of BCC there is a continued emergence of infections by B. multivorans. Our objective was to analyze a global collection of B. multivorans isolates, comparing those from environmental and clinical sources with those from reported outbreaks. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on 107 B. multivorans isolates to provide a detailed analysis of the global population biology of this species. MLST resolved 64 B. multivorans sequence types. Twelve of these were globally distributed and associated with human infection; two of these (ST-21 and ST-375) were also composed of environmental isolates. These global lineages included strains previously linked to large outbreaks (e.g., French epidemic clone ST-16). Though few environmental isolates of B. multivorans were available for analysis, of six strains identified, three were identical to strains recovered from cystic fibrosis (CF) infection. Although the ability of B. multivorans to cause CF outbreaks is known, our report here concerning the existence of globally distributed B. multivorans CF strains is a new observation for this emerging B. cepacia complex pathogen and suggests that certain strain types may be better adapted to human infection than others. Common transmission-associated risk factors were not obviously linked to the globally distributed strains; however, the overlap in strains recovered from water environments, industrial products, and human infection suggests that environmental sources may be an important reservoir for infection with B. multivorans.Burkholderia multivorans is one of at least nine closely related gram-negative species that comprise the B. cepacia complex (BCC) (35). Originally these species were considered to be onion pathogens and were subsequently found to possess many beneficial properties for agricultural use (25). However, after more than two decades they have come to be widely known to cause problematic pulmonary infections in vulnerable individuals, particularly in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) (9).B. multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia are the two predominant BCC species causing human infections, though bacteria from all currently defined BCC species have been cultured from CF sputum (19,26,28). However, most research has concentrated on B. cenocepacia, which is widely considered to be the most virulent BCC species, with much less information available on B. multivorans. Comparison of recent epidemiological surveys (4, 12, 28) with older studies (19,26,32) suggests that the proportion of BCC-infected CF patients infected with B. multivorans is rising relative to the proportions of infection with B. cenocepacia and the remaining BCC species, with prevalence in the United States ranging from 38% (28) to 51% (4) of BCC infections. This proportional rise is due to a decline in the total incidence of B. cenocepacia while B. m...
A series of patients are described who presented to a New Zealand hospital with genitourinary tract infection due to CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli. All had a history of travel to the Indian subcontinent and lacked traditional risk factors for urinary tract infection due to a multidrug-resistant organism.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O84 isolates (n ؍ 22) were examined using culture-and molecularly based methods in order to compare their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. These analyses directly linked Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O84 isolates from cattle and sheep with human isolates indicating that New Zealand livestock may be a reservoir of infection.The first recorded case in New Zealand of Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 was in 1993 (3), and since then, STEC strains, including O157, have been isolated from sporadic cases of infection in increasing numbers, reaching a maximum of 91 cases (88 O157 and 3 non-O157) isolates in 2003 (1). Within New Zealand, over 90% of STEC strains detected from human clinical cases are serogroup O157, but whether this is a true reflection of most STEC infections being associated with O157 or whether this is a consequence of screening methods is unknown. Recent investigations detected only non-O157 STEC strains, such as O5, O26, O84, O91, and O128) from New Zealand cattle and sheep
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are highly resistant to many antibacterial agents and infection can be difficult to eradicate. A coordinated approach has been used to measure the fitness of Bcc bacteria isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic Bcc infection using methods relevant to Bcc growth and survival conditions. Significant differences in growth rate were observed among isolates; slower growth rates were associated with isolates that exhibited higher MICs and were resistant to more antimicrobial classes. The nucleotide sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA in the isolates were determined and the ciprofloxacin MIC correlated with amino acid substitutions at codons 83 and 87. Biologically relevant methods for fitness measurement were developed and could be applied to investigate larger numbers of clinical isolates. These methods were determination of planktonic growth rate, biofilm formation, survival in water and survival during drying. We also describe a method to determine mutation rate in Bcc bacteria. Unlike in Pseudomonas aeruginosa where hypermutability has been detected in strains isolated from CF patients, we were unable to demonstrate hypermutability in this panel of Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans isolates.
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