Growers in the Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative area are concerned about potassium nutrition. There have been an increasing number of potassium soil test values from production fields that are decreasing into the 100 to 120 mg per kg range. The loss of root yield from the lower soil test values and the loss of root quality if potassium is applied is also a concern. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nitrogen and potassium application on sugar beet root yield and quality. A study at six sites from 2010 to 2012 in the Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative growing was established to meet the objectives. The treatments included a factorial arrangement of four N rates (0, 44, 88, and 134 kg per ha) and six potassium rates (0, 33, 66, 99, 336, and 560 kg K 2 O per ha. The study was replicated five times. Root yield and quality were measured. Results indicate that potassium application increased root yield and quality at 50% of the sites. Nitrogen application increased root yield at 50 % of the sites and decreased quality at 75 % of the sites.
In all sugar beet production areas throughout the USA, most approved cultivars possess genetic resistance to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), conferred by Rz1, Rz2 or some combination of the two. It has been reported that cultivars with Rz1 resistance are more susceptible than those with Rz2 and that a combination of Rz1 & Rz2 provides the strongest resistance. However, the minor genes associated with these major dominant genes frequently play an important part in the final degree of resistance exhibited by a particular cultivar, and cultivars with the same dominant gene/s can vary significantly in their susceptibility to BNYVV and rhizomania. When susceptible sugar beet roots are infected by BNYVV, their physiological functions become disrupted and normal plant/soil water relations become impaired. It was hypothesized that chronic infection by BNYVV might be affecting susceptibility to Rhizoctonia solani and cultivars with less tolerance to infection by BNYVV possibly would be more susceptible to Rhizoctonia root rot. A field study was conducted near Hector, MN in which nine cultivars that varied in susceptibility to BNYVV and R. solani were evaluated to see if incidence and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot were correlated to BNYVV titer. The field was naturally infested with BNYVV. Plants were inoculated with R. solani AG2-2 IIIB barley inoculum July 10 and harvested September12. The incidence and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in each plot was evaluated and root subsamples were collected to determine titer of BNYVV. Significant differences existed in incidence and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot among cultivars, but differences were not strongly correlated to original Rhizoctonia root rot ratings and were not affected by Rz gene or gene combinations.
County Road 21, Renville, MN 56284. Influence of starter fertilizer on optimum nitrogen rate.Nitrogen management for optimum sucrose production is the goal of the nutrient management research in the Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative growing area. Recent research results have caused growers to adopt the use of seed placed fertilizer on their sugar beet crop as a phosphorus source. The question growers have, will this use of starter affect the nitrogen rate needed for optimum sucrose? This research project was design to determine if the use of seed placed liquid fertilizer (10-34-0) affects sugar beet yield or quality and if the use of this practice affects revenue.Eight sites were established over a period of three years. The treatments included a factorial arrangement of the use of seed placed liquid fertilizer (28 L ha -1 , 10-34-0) and nitrogen rates of 0, 22, 45, 67, and 90 kg N ha -1 with 4 to 6 replication depending on the location. The N was applied broadcast as urea (45-0-0). Sugar beet root yield and quality were measured.The soil nitrate-N to a depth of 120 cm before the trials were established ranged from 32 to 109 kg ha -1 . The root yield, extractable sucrose ha -1 , and revenue ha -1 responded to the seed placed fertilizer and nitrogen applications differently at each location. In most cases, the response was to seed placed fertilizer was either none or a positive increase to root yield. The change in root yield expressed itself in the extractable sucrose ha -1 and the revenue ha -1 . The extractable sucrose Mg -1 of root was increased by the use of seed placed fertilizer and the use of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect the use of starter. This information indicates that the use of seed placed liquid fertilizer does not affect the nitrogen management of sugar beet for yield and quality.
Turkey litter is a resource available to a large number of sugar beet growers in Minnesota. Earlier research has indicated that it its use was positive for root yield. There are concerns about the late season mineralization of N from the litter and the effect the N will have on root quality. The objective of this study is the determine when in a three year rotation should turkey litter be applied and what the nitrogen fertilizer equivalent of the turkey litter applied two and three years in advance of sugar beet production. To achieve the objectives a study was conducted at three locations for three years at each. The rotation was soybean/corn/sugar beet. The treatments were no N for the whole rotation, 6.7 and 13.4 Mg per ha of turkey litter applied 3 and 2 years before sugar beet production. Besides the 6.7 and 13.4 Mg of turkey litter per ha before corn production, 134 kg N per ha was applied. Before the sugar beet crop in the rotation, 6.7 and 13.4 Mg of turkey litter per ha was applied along with 6 rates of N fertilizer. These treatments were replicated 5 times. At the first two sites, the turkey litter increased soybean yield at one location. This increase was small. Turkey litter and 134 kg N per ha increased corn yields at both locations. At one location, sugar beet quality was not affected by the use of turkey litter. Root yield and sucrose per acre were increased with turkey litter and N fertilizer application.
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