In this study, the authors organized group supervision behaviors into categories that represent requirements of effective group supervision. T o determine the requirements for effective supervision in groups, the authors collected reports of behaviors exhibited by a physician and a behavioral scientist acting as co-supervisors. These reports were gathered from 84 2nd-year medical students participating in a practicum designed to improve their patient interviewing skills. The 84 reports of effective supervisory behavior by physicians were categorized by 11 judges. The judges' categories were pooled, and principal component analysis was used to extract a single list of hypothetical latent categories. This procedure was repeated with three other sets of reports: ineffective behavior of physicians, effective behavior of behavioral scientists, and ineffective behavior of behavioral scientists. The results yielded an empirical account of group supervision to augment the conceptual and anecdotal descriptions prevalent in group supervision literature.After reviewing the literature on group supervision, Holloway and Johnston (1985) concluded that supervision in groups is widely practiced but poorly understood. Group supervision seems to be based on theoretical assumptions that lack empirical support. Holloway and Johnston recommended more research on the case presentation approach to group supervision and outlined specific topics to be investigated. In this study we addressed one of the recommended research topics: What roles should supervisors adopt to achieve the goals of group supervision?In addition to recommending research topics, Holloway and Johnston (1985) recommended a research approach. They pointed out that there are neither adequate models of the case presentation approach to group supervision' nor detailed descriptions of the actual process of group supervision. Therefore, they recommended exploratory studies that empirically describe group supervision practices. Following this recommendation, we sought in this study to identify group supervision behaviors and to empirically organize these behaviors into categories representing the requirements of effective group supervision.
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