Genetic parameters and trends in the average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BF), loin muscle area (LMA), lean percentage (LP), and age at 90 kg (D90) were estimated for populations of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs. Additionally, the correlations between these production traits and litter traits were estimated. Litter traits included total born (TB) and number born alive (NBA). The data used for this study were obtained from eight farms during 1999 to 2016. Analyses were carried out with a multivariate animal model to estimate genetic parameters for production traits while bivariate analyses were performed to estimate the correlations between production and litter traits. The heritability estimates were 0.52 and 0.43 for ADG; 0.54 and 0.45 for BF; 0.25 and 0.26 for LMA; 0.54 and 0.48 for LP; and 0.56 and 0.46 for D90 in the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds, respectively. The ADG and D90 showed low genetic correlation with BF and LP. The LMA had -0.40, -0.32, 0.49, and 0.39 genetic correlations with ADG, BF, LP, and D90, respectively. Genetic correlations between production and litter traits were generally low, except for the correlations between LMA and TB (-0.23) in Landrace and ADG and TB (-0.16), ADG and NBA (-0.18), D90 and TB (0.19), and D90 and NBA (0.20) in Yorkshire. Genetic trends in production traits were all favorable except for LMA.
ObjectiveGenome wide association study was conducted to identify and validate candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition of pork.MethodsA total of 480 purebreed Duroc pigs were genotyped using IlluminaPorcine60k bead chips while the association test was implemented following genome-wide rapid association using Mixed Model and Regression-Genomic Control (GRAMMAR-GC) approach.ResultsA total of 25, 29, and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. Genome wide significant variants were located on the same region of swine chromosome 14 (SSC14) that spanned from 120 to 124 Mb. Top SNP ALGA008191 was located at 5 kb near the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene. This gene is directly involved in desaturation of stearic acid into oleic acid. General relationship of significant SNPs showed high linkage disequilibrium thus genome-wide signals was attributed to SCD gene. However, understanding the role of other genes like elongation of very long chain fatty acids-3 (ELOVL3) located on this chromosomal segment might help in further understanding of metabolism and biosynthesis of fatty acids.ConclusionOverall, this study provides evidence that validates SCD gene as strong candidate gene associated with fatty acid composition in Duroc pigs. Moreover, this study confirms significant SNPs near ELOVL3 gene.
The phenotype or genomic enhanced breeding value (GEBV) of ultrasound intramuscular fat (UIMF) was used as the target trait to improve meat quality. The ZPLAN+ software was employed to calculate and compare the genetic gain and accuracy of each selection scenario. The first scenario reflected the current conventional selection program in which the selection index is composed of average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and ultrasound backfat (UBF). In the second scenario, UIMF was added into the basic selection index as an indicator trait for meat quality. In scenario 3, UIMF was also incorporated into index; however, the GEBV was used instead of phenotype. In scenario 4 and 5, selection was based strictly on the GEBV, and UIMF was included in scenario 5. The results showed that the accuracies of scenario 3, 4 and 5, in which GEBV information was used, increased with increasing accuracy of the GEBV. Moreover, the trends of scenario 4 and 5 changed more rapidly relative to scenario 3. The addition of UIMF to the selection index had a positive effect on the genetic gain of ADG and FCR, but a negative effect on UBF. The addition of UIMF to the selection index led to improvement of other traits and to the overall meat quality, especially when genomic selection was applied.
The proximate composition and fatty acid profile in 3 tissues (muscle, liver and ovary) of wild female Coilia mystus in breeding stage were analyzed using the national standard method. The results indicated that: (1) The total fat contents in muscle, liver and ovary were 2.04% ± 0.22%, 11.96% ± 0.77% and 28.46% ± 0.63%, respectively. (2) The muscle contained the most content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the least content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p less than 0.05). The content of SFA and MUFA between liver and ovary showed no significant differences (p>0.05). The content of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly different among these 3 tissues (p less than 0.05): highest in the ovary and the lowest in the muscle. Within PUFAs, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was highest, reaching 8.41% ± 1.18%, 7.64% ± 0.12% and 10.46 % ± 0.45% in muscle, liver and ovary, respectively. PUFA, n-3PUFA, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were all highest in the ovary.
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