A new decalin derivative, trichoharzianol (1), together with three known compounds, eujavanicol A (2), 5-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-7-methoxychromone (3), and 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methylphthalide (4), were isolated from Trichoderma harzianum F031. For the first time, compounds 2-4 were reported from the Trichoderma species. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Trichoharzianol (1) showed the highest antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 128 μg/mL.

The title compound, C20H28O3, known as ‘trichodermaerin’ [systematic name: (4E)-4,9,15,16,16-penta­methyl-6-oxa­tetra­cyclo­[10.3.1.01,10.05,9]hexa­dec-4-ene-7,13-dione], is a diterpene lactone which was isolated from Trichoderma asperellum. The structure has a tetra­cycic 6–5–7–5 ring system, with the cyclo­hexa­none ring adopting a twisted half-chair conformation and the cyclo­pentane ring adopting a half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclo­heptene and tetra­hydro­furan­anone rings are in chair and envelope (with the methyl-substituted C atom as the flap) conformations, respectively. The three-dimensional architecture is stabilized by C—H⋯O inter­actions.