Becuase 40% of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are mixed infections, the accurate identification of high-risk HPV genotypes in mixed infections is important for defining a woman's risk for progression to cervical cancer. Thus, advanced Luminex-based HPV genotyping has been developed to simultaneously detect the presence of multiple HPV types. Here, we describe the development of a Luminex-based HPV genotyping that combines polymerase chain reaction amplification with hybridization to fluorescencelabeled polystyrene bead microarrays (Luminex suspension array technology). New HPV type-specific oligonucleotide probes and YBT L1/GP6-1 primers were used to detect the HPV types in 132 clinical samples. We simultaneously evaluated the usefulness of this technique on clinical samples. We detected 15 specific HPV types (6, 16, 18, 31, 35, 42, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67 and 68) examined with specificity without known cross-reaction to other HPV types. The detection limit for the different HPV types was above 500 plasmids. (1) individuals may be infected with more than one type at a time.(2) Because most HPV infections have no visible signs or symptoms, (3) the development of detection tools for HPV identification in asymptomatic patients has been very important. (4) Several HPV DNA detection methods have been described during the last decade, each of which allows the detection of a wide spectrum of HPV types, such as DNA amplification-based methods. Due largely to routine screening using Pap tests, the number of deaths attributed to cervical cancer continues to drop nearly 4% annually. However, the Pap smear has some weaknesses, not least of which is its limited sensitivity for detection of cancer precursors.(5) Therefore, the false-negative rate of the Pap smear ranges from 20 to 30% when cytology is used alone. In addition, there is a false-positive rate of 5-15%.(6 -8) To carry out HPV genotyping, a reliable, FDA-approved test to distinguish the specific HPV types will need to be developed and validated. A DNA-based technology, the Hybrid Capture II HPV test, has been used to detect 13 high-risk types of HPV. (9,10) However, this routine test is not recommended for women under the age of 30 years unless they have atypical or equivocal Pap test results. In addition, despite its high sensitivity, false-negative results are known to occur for histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2 or CIN3 cases, with its impossibility to perform genotyping. (11,12) Therefore, the current techniques available for detection of HPV types all have shown limited ability for complete detection; there is no single technique that provides complete detection to date. Therefore, a new and improved HPV assay that is highly sensitive and reproducible is required. Multiplex technology is a new method that is based on fluorescent bead technology, and allows simultaneous detection of nucleic acids against up to 100 different HPV types. (13,14) Recently, this technology has been used for the genotyping of HPV types u...
Purpose: Screening in cervical cancer is now progressing to discover candidate genes and proteins that may serve as biological markers and that play a role in tumor progression. W e examined the protein expression patterns of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues from Korean women with using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer.Materials and Methods: Normal cervix and SCC tissues were solubilized and 2-DE was performed using pH 3~10 linear IPG strips of 17 cm length. The protein expression was evaluated using PDQuest 2-D software TM . The differentially expressed protein spots were identified with a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, and the peptide mass spectra identifications were performed using the Mascot program and by searching the Swiss-prot or NCBInr databases.Results: A total of 35 proteins were detected in SCC.17 proteins were up-regulated and 18 proteins weredownregulated. Among the proteins that were identified, 12 proteins (pigment epithelium derived factor, annexin A2 and A5, keratin 19 and 20, heat shock protein 27, smooth muscle protein 22 alpha, α-enolase, squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 and 2, glutathione S-transferase and apolipoprotein a1) were protein previously known to be involved in tumor, and 21 proteins were newly identified in this study. Conclusion
The incidence of uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare. However, it is clinically significant in that it can cause life-threatening vaginal bleeding. We report a case of a large uterine AVM with positive serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. A presumptive diagnosis was made; a uterine AVM accompanied by, early pregnancy or retained product of conception. Because this uterine AVM was extensive, transcatheter arterial embolization of both uterine arteries and extra-uterine feeding arteries was performed. Three months after undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization, complete resolution of the uterine AVM was confirmed without major complication.
Mucinous ovarian tumors account for 15% all ovarian neoplasms, of which giant variants rarely occur. Recently huge ovarian cysts (more than 12 kg) are now rarely seen because of the development in health care systems and education. The patient is 26-yearold nulligravida female who presented with abdominal distension. A laparoscopic left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Laparoscopic approach to giant ovarian cyst may be difficult regarding the risk of cyst rupture and limited working space. To reduce the limitations of the laparoscopy, we performed laparoscopy after aspirating the cystic contents. During laparoscopy, abdominal cavity was explored by the scope. Cyst contained about 53 L of fluid. The histopathologic examination revealed a borderline mucinous tumor of the left ovary. Laparoscopic excision of giant ovarian cyst seems to be safe and applicable treatment modality. Copyright © 2012. Korean Society of Obstetrics and GynecologyLaparoscopic approach is more advantageous over laparotomy, considering better cosmetic results, lesser blood loss, lesser pain and analgesic requirement, faster recovery, and shorter hospitalization time [1]. Laparoscopic approach to giant ovarian cyst, in cases when the cysts' sizes exceed to the umbilicus, may be difficult regarding the risk of cyst rupture and limited working space [2]. However, if the laparotomy is chosen as the operative treatment, a larger incision is required to excise the cyst. We present a case of laparoscopic extirpation of a giant ovarian cyst. Case ReportA 26-year-old woman was referred to our department for a giant abdominal mass in July 2011. She was single and nulliparous female who presented with a gradually increasing abdominal swelling first noticed 4 years ago. Due to the huge mass she was unable to walk and had anorexia and weight gain. At admission, the emaciated patient weighted 120 kg, had a body height of 177 cm and abdominal girth at the level of the umbilicus was 190 cm (Fig. 1). There was no history of colicky pain fainting attacks, vomiting or other gastrointestinal attacks. She had no previous history of any illnesses, allergies or operations. On abdominal examination, abdomen was grossly distended engorged veins present, fluid thrill was present. There were no abnormalities in hematologic and biochemical data including cancer biomarkers CA-125, CA 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen. On ultrasonography, a huge, multilocular cystic tumor with low echogenic content was found (Fig. 2). There were no papillary or solid parts of associated with the wall or septa, and no ascites. She could not fit into the computed tomography machine due to the giant abdominal mass. After consultation with the anesthesiology and cardiology teams, the patient was placed in a semiFowler's position in the operating room due to dyspnea, general anesthesia and endotracheal tube intubation was performed. After CASE REPORT Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2012;55(7):534-537 http://dx
In general, medical school faculty have to perform clinical practice in addition to their educational and research activities, unlike the professors of other departments, while simultaneously playing an important role within the medical profession. However, some organizational or environmental factors decrease the job satisfaction of medical professors. This study aimed to determine the current status of medical schools professors' job activities, satisfaction level, factors related to job satisfaction, and so on. A structured questionnaire was used in the survey and 936 valid responses (response rate, 79.1%) were analyzed using SAS version 9.1. Items included in the questionnaire were work tasks, satisfaction with work and environment, fringe benefits, and future plans. Our study found that the satisfaction of respondents with research activities was not high, and they had negative perceptions of their work environment. Also, it was found that job satisfaction was most affected by work environment. In the section on fringe benefits, a variety of fringe benefits were provided to respondents but their actual satisfaction was not high. To enhance the overall job satisfaction of medical school faculty, all the matters related to their work tasks and environmental factors have to be considered in the aspect of their own role in medical school. The limitations of this study were a low response rate to the early online survey and a long duration of the survey period. However, these limitations were resolved by an additional mail survey modality and statistical techniques. It is meaningful that this study was an extensive survey aimed at medical school faculty and dealt with a comprehensive range of issues.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.