Table of contentsP001 - Sepsis impairs the capillary response within hypoxic capillaries and decreases erythrocyte oxygen-dependent ATP effluxR. M. Bateman, M. D. Sharpe, J. E. Jagger, C. G. EllisP002 - Lower serum immunoglobulin G2 level does not predispose to severe flu.J. Solé-Violán, M. López-Rodríguez, E. Herrera-Ramos, J. Ruíz-Hernández, L. Borderías, J. Horcajada, N. González-Quevedo, O. Rajas, M. Briones, F. Rodríguez de Castro, C. Rodríguez GallegoP003 - Brain protective effects of intravenous immunoglobulin through inhibition of complement activation and apoptosis in a rat model of sepsisF. Esen, G. Orhun, P. Ergin Ozcan, E. Senturk, C. Ugur Yilmaz, N. Orhan, N. Arican, M. Kaya, M. Kucukerden, M. Giris, U. Akcan, S. Bilgic Gazioglu, E. TuzunP004 - Adenosine a1 receptor dysfunction is associated with leukopenia: A possible mechanism for sepsis-induced leukopeniaR. Riff, O. Naamani, A. DouvdevaniP005 - Analysis of neutrophil by hyper spectral imaging - A preliminary reportR. Takegawa, H. Yoshida, T. Hirose, N. Yamamoto, H. Hagiya, M. Ojima, Y. Akeda, O. Tasaki, K. Tomono, T. ShimazuP006 - Chemiluminescent intensity assessed by eaa predicts the incidence of postoperative infectious complications following gastrointestinal surgeryS. Ono, T. Kubo, S. Suda, T. Ueno, T. IkedaP007 - Serial change of c1 inhibitor in patients with sepsis – A prospective observational studyT. Hirose, H. Ogura, H. Takahashi, M. Ojima, J. Kang, Y. Nakamura, T. Kojima, T. ShimazuP008 - Comparison of bacteremia and sepsis on sepsis related biomarkersT. Ikeda, S. Suda, Y. Izutani, T. Ueno, S. OnoP009 - The changes of procalcitonin levels in critical patients with abdominal septic shock during blood purificationT. Taniguchi, M. OP010 - Validation of a new sensitive point of care device for rapid measurement of procalcitoninC. Dinter, J. Lotz, B. Eilers, C. Wissmann, R. LottP011 - Infection biomarkers in primary care patients with acute respiratory tract infections – Comparison of procalcitonin and C-reactive proteinM. M. Meili, P. S. SchuetzP012 - Do we need a lower procalcitonin cut off?H. Hawa, M. Sharshir, M. Aburageila, N. SalahuddinP013 - The predictive role of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin biomarkers in central nervous system infections with extensively drug resistant bacteriaV. Chantziara, S. Georgiou, A. Tsimogianni, P. Alexandropoulos, A. Vassi, F. Lagiou, M. Valta, G. Micha, E. Chinou, G. MichaloudisP014 - Changes in endotoxin activity assay and procalcitonin levels after direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-b immobilized fiberA. Kodaira, T. Ikeda, S. Ono, T. Ueno, S. Suda, Y. Izutani, H. ImaizumiP015 - Diagnostic usefullness of combination biomarkers on ICU admissionM. V. De la Torre-Prados, A. Garcia-De la Torre, A. Enguix-Armada, A. Puerto-Morlan, V. Perez-Valero, A. Garcia-AlcantaraP016 - Platelet function analysis utilising the PFA-100 does not predict infection, bacteraemia, sepsis or outcome in critically ill patientsN. Bolton, J. Dudziak, S. Bonney, A. Tridente, P. NeeP017 - Extracellular histone H3 levels are in...
Water extraction from the Athabasca River for oil production has generated significant public concern due to its potential environmental impacts. Phase 1 of the Lower Athabasca Water Management Framework, introduced in February 2007, limits industrial water extractions in the Oil Sands based on available data on in-stream flow needs. The framework designates green, yellow, and red flow conditions on a weekly basis for the setting of progressive water restrictions. Using various streamflow and water demand scenarios, the frequency of each flow condition is investigated along with cases of when wateruse restrictions may occur. Using a base case flow scenario (10% reduction in historic flows) and a high-growth forecast of demand of 14.0 m 3 /s by 2025 (equivalent to full utilisation of current approved licences) it is estimated that binding flow conditions of the Phase 1 framework would occur for an average of six weeks per year during winter, with significant variance across years. To avoid restrictions, demands would need to be limited to 7.5 m 3 /s (i.e., average water use of 0.2 m 3 per barrel of crude oil produced by 2020), or storage would be required of a capacity in the order of 15% of the annual supply to industry. An ecosystem base flow, if adopted for Phase 2 of the framework, may significantly increase the severity of restrictions (assuming an in-stream flow threshold of 100 m 3 /s based on the minimum weekly Q95). The results highlight the need for a long-term, cost-effective strategy to manage the implementation of water restrictions in the Oil Sands, and the problematic nature of assigning fixed licensed volumes -rather than proportional shares -in a variable streamflow environment.
We develop a water allocation and irrigation technology adoption model under the prior appropriation doctrine with asymmetric information among heterogeneous farmers and between farmers and water authorities. We find that adverse selection reduces the adoption of modern irrigation technology. We also show that even with asymmetric information, incentives for water trade exist and lead to additional technology adoption with gains to all parties. This suggests that under asymmetric information, a thin secondary market improves the allocation of water resources and induces additional adoption of modern irrigation technologies. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Limits on water diversions from the Athabasca River may affect the growing oil sands industry in the medium term. For new entrants, the costs of future water restrictions may be high due to the combination of a strict water conservation regulation, a profitable oil sector that relies on fresh water, and water allocation in order of licence seniority. Though river flows would, for the most part, be preserved and well within 90% of the flows recorded upstream of industry, the future value of water for oil production is estimated to be up to $80 per cubic metre in a single period (peak spot value, approx.), and $72,000 per megalitre if drawn annually as an ongoing, continuous demand (average marginal value in present terms). These results are based on certain model assumptions, including flows that are 10% less than the historic record, a simplified depiction of the production costs and revenues of oil producers, and no access to technologies that may reduce the cost of water restrictions. Using a medium-term (~2020) static demand scenario, a policy and two technologies to reduce the costs of water restrictions are assessed. A combined policy-technology response was found to be the most cost effective. As various technologies that lower costs are already planned or in use, further consideration of an efficient water allocation policy, such as water charges, that may reduce costs by providing incentives for efficiency and technology investment across all firms -not just new entrants -is recommended. In general, the results of this study indicate the importance of designing regulations that encourage conservation goals to be achieved at least cost. Future studies may consider the water diversion limits in the Athabasca River, including whether the costs of conservation are commensurate with the economic value of in-stream flows.À moyen terme, des contraintes sur l'utilisation de l'eau de la Rivière Athabasca pourraient ralentir l'essor de l'industrie du pétrole des sables bitumeux. Pour les nouveaux entrants, les coûts de restrictions d'eau futures peuvent être élevés en raison de la combinaison d'une politique stricte sur la conservation de l'eau, un secteur pétrolier rentable qui dépend de l'eau, et la répartition de l'eau par ordre de séniorité des licences. Bien que le flux de la rivière serait, pour la plupart, préservées et bien en deçà de 90% des niveaux de flux historiques en amont de l'industrie, nous estimons la valeur future de l'eau par période a 80$ par mètre cube (valeur au comptant en période de pointe, approx.), et 72 000$ par million de litres si elle est puisée chaque année comme une demande continue (valeur marginale présente moyenne). Ces résultats sont basés sur des hypothèses du modèle, comme des flux en deçà de 10% des flux historiques, une représenta-tion simplifiée des coûts de productions et des revenues des producteurs de pétrole, et l'absence d'accès a des technologies qui pourraient réduire les coûts de restrictions d'eau. A l'aide d'un scénario de demande statique à moyen terme (~2020), n...
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