What is already known on this topic? Educational attainment is associated with depressive symptoms and may affect depression through various socioeconomic pathways. Education may offer opportunities for developing interventions to reduce the disease burden of depression. What is added by this report? We examined key factors in early childhood and adolescence often omitted as confounders of the relationship between adolescent educational aspirations and expectations and mental health outcomes in adulthood. We also looked at differences by sex and race/ethnicity. What are the implications for public health practice? Our findings suggest that the social forces that constrain education may also affect health. Additionally, our findings support other research that encourages health and education practitioners to acknowledge educational interventions as public health interventions.
To study how young adult college students are managing their health behaviors and risks related to spreading COVID-19. Methods: We created a national cohort of full-time college students in late April 2020 (n ¼ 707), and conducted a follow-up survey with participants in July 2020 (n ¼ 543). Participants reported COVID-19-related health risk behaviors and COVID-19 symptoms, and also responded to an openended prompt about how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their lives. Quantitative data were analyzed in Stata and we conducted content analysis to identify themes in the qualitative data. Results: For most health protective behaviors (e.g., frequent handwashing, social distancing), participants were less compliant in summer 2020 than spring 2020, with the exception of face mask use, which increased. In each month of the first half of 2020, only approximately half of participants with any symptoms that could indicate COVID-19 stayed home exclusively while symptomatic (there was no meaningful change from pre-pandemic or over the course of the pandemic). In qualitative data, the participants who had gone to bars or clubs at least twice within a 4-week period this summer reported being bored and/or isolated, stressed, and/or taking pandemic safety measures seriously. Conclusions: These findings suggest multiple areas for intervention, including harm reduction and risk management education approaches for the students who are going to bars and clubs, and creating policies and programs to better incentivize young people with symptoms to stay home exclusively while symptomatic.
Introduction: Emotional and behavioral problems are growing among children ages birth to five, and racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist. Comprehensive, culturally responsive, family-driven systems of care, such as the one operated by California’s diverse, urban Alameda County, offer one potential intervention. Methods: We used client-level service data (n = 496 children) to calculate descriptive statistics and regression analyses (including multilevel models to account for observations for the same client at multiple points in time). We estimated the prevalence of mental health issues and assessed the association between the length of time using services and emotional and behavioral functioning. Results: Comprehensive mental health services and supports were associated with improved emotional and behavioral functioning outcomes for children over time, even after controlling for other risk factors. Discussion: Systems of care appear to support the multidimensional functioning of children and their families.
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