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In this study a hierarchical linear model was employed to identify the specific relationships between employee affective commitment, employee perceptions of HR practices and job performance, and the moderating effect of HR strength was examined, using the extent to which employers and employees share the same perceptions of HR practices as a proxy for consistency. The data were collected via structured questionnaire from hairdressing salons throughout Taiwan. Usable questionnaires from 307 hairdressers and 103 shop owners constituted individual- and organizational-levels of data. We found that the more consistent the perception of HR practices between hairdressers and shop owners, the greater the employee affective commitment to the organization, emphasizing the value of HR practices in communicating clear and direct signals to employees regarding norms and expectations.

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The controversial findings of both high and low performance for family-controlled public firms offer a unique context in which to study the moderating role of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on founding-family ownership effects. In a sample of Taiwan-based public firms, founding-family ownership was found not to be associated with firm performance. However, when the level of HPWS facing family ownership was accounted for, the results showed that the relationship between founding-family ownership and firm performance is significantly negative for companies with lower levels of HPWS but is significantly positive for companies with higher levels of HPWS.

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