Large dam projects are implemented aiming for multiple benefits including water for agriculture, power generation and flood control. There are considerable environmental and social changes behind these large dam projects, which have not been discussed openly compared to the benefits received from them. However, it is important to analyse the social and environmental changes that could occur as a result of these dam projects in order to evaluate the net benefits received. This study focused on studying the changes in the cultural landscape of Teldeniya and surrounding area due to the construction of the Victoria reservoir. To achieve this objective, a methodology was developed utilizing topographical maps and remotely sensed data. Various spatial and non spatial data belonging to two periods: 1954 represent pre and 2003 post construction periods of the reservoir. The topographical maps were georectified and specific area of interest was obtained. Data of 1954Data of , 2003 obtained from topographic maps were analysed to assess the changes in the landscape. In addition, an IRS LISS III satellite imagery acquired in 1998 was also classified and analysed to support the study. Comparisons were made among the information extracted from 1954, 1998 and 2003 to assess the changes in the cultural landscape of the study area. The study revealed that the land use, road network and the hydrological network have changed considerably. There is a drastic change in the cultural landscape of the study area as a result of the construction of the Victoria reservoir. Some of the land used previously has been submerged with the construction of the dam. The dam project has brought new livelihood options to the people in the area. It is clear that these repercussions are partly due to the changes that have occurred with the development of technology and society with time. The significance of this is that drastic changes are not only on tangible physical changes but also intangible aspects such as culture and the society of this region.
Background. There are many digital archives in cultural domains, but there is no well-established metadata model which covers both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Neither is there a well-established metadata model applicable to building digital archives by aggregating existing cultural heritage information. Objectives. The objective of this study is to develop a metadata model for digital archives of diverse cultural resources and dispersed communities, where metadata aggregation from different sources is required. This paper presents a model called Cultural Heritage in Digital Environment (CHDE) for organizing various digital CHI organized as a digital archive. Methods. The CHDE model is created as a generalized metadata model. It clearly distinguishes an intangible cultural heritage entity and its instantiation to model digital archives for intangible cultural heritage like those for tangible cultural heritage. The CHDE model is defined using the One-to-One Principle of metadata, and is used to clearly identify the relationships between metadata and the entities described by the metadata. Finally, this paper shows the application of the CHDE with use cases of cultural heritage objects. Results. CHDE enables the organization of digital cultural heritage information related to tangible and intangible cultural heritage. It identifies the physical and digital information environment of cultural heritage, and further supports the modeling of digital archives built by aggregating cultural heritage information on the Web. Contributions. This novel approach will benefit memory institutions which have insufficient resources to create digital resources such as those in South and Southeast Asia. Also, intangible cultural heritage organization through instantiation is a useful approach.
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