Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) sheets were synthesized and isolated via solventassisted chemical exfoliation. The charge-dependent electrochemical activities of these MoS 2 sheets were studied using positively charged hexamine ruthenium (III) chloride and negatively charged ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox probes. Ultrathin MoS 2 sheet-based electrodes were employed for the electrochemical detection of an important neurotransmitter, namely dopamine (DA), in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). MoS 2 electrodes were identified as being capable of distinguishing the coexistence of the DA and the AA with an excellent stability. Moreover, the enzymatic detection of the glucose was studied by immobilizing glucose oxidase on the MoS 2 . This study opens enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensing applications of atomic MoS 2 sheets, which will supplement their established electronic applications.S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/NANO/25/335702/mmedia
Herein, we report a simple, facile, green and cost effective strategy for the synthesis of graphene using naturally available anti-oxidants such as carotenoids present in vegetable (carrot, sweet potato, etc.) extracts. In this work, we have employed carrot extract to reduce graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide. A red shift (in the l max from 230 nm to 270 nm) during the course of the reduction of GO clearly indicates the effective restoration of the sp 2 graphitic carbons. In addition, we have also noticed the colour change of the reaction mixture from yellowish brown to black after 1 hour, thereby indicating the reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (Ct-RGO). Further, an increase in the D/G ratio value of GO from 0.979 to 1.198 after the complete reduction indicated the effective restoration of the in plane sp 2 domains in the Ct-RGO. The morphology and conductivities of the Ct-RGO are characterized by several characterization techniques such as UV, FT-IR, Raman, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, AFM and EIS. The green synthesis reported in this work is expected to yield a biocompatible graphene material suitable for futuristic biological applications.
Designing a versatile and rational method for the tactical tuning of the surface and interfacial properties of graphene is an essential yet challenging task of many scientific areas including health care, sensors, energy, and the environment. A method was designed herein to tackle the challenge and tune the surface and interfacial properties of graphene using a simple electrochemical tethering of arylamines that provides diverse reactive end groups to graphene. This method resulted in the preparation of graphenes with thiol, hydroxy, amine, carboxyl, and sulfonate surface functionalities respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were used to study the chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the modified graphenes. The results show the promising scope of the reported method towards the tactical tuning of the surface and interfacial properties of graphene. Also, this method can give fundamental insights of the surface tuning of graphene and its structurally similar materials. Hence, this approach can be used to advantageously tune the surface properties of the other structurally similar nanocarbons and their hybrid materials to make them potential candidates for many applications.
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