This chapter focuses on children in mixed-status families. The authors provide demographic data and the definition of a mixed-status family, then outline the challenges experienced by these families. The authors delineate developmental, educational, and psychological risk factors for these children. Intervention and advocacy initiatives in which school counselors can engage are examined. Authors provide practical solutions, suggestions for future research, a glossary of terms, and further readings. Finally, each topic discussed includes application strategies for school counselors.
This chapter focuses on incarceration, communities, and the impact of community reentry programs on recidivism and reintegration. The authors provide demographic data on incarceration and recidivism and present information on community implications of incarceration. The authors also examine challenges facing previously incarcerated individuals as they return to their former communities and components of community reentry programs. The authors provide commentary on the efficacy of community reentry programs, advocacy initiatives, suggestions and recommendations, directions for future research, suggested readings, and a glossary of key terms and definitions.
This chapter explores the distinct needs of youth who have been placed in the custody of the foster care system. The authors discuss the impact of abuse and neglect, removal from the biological family, and repeated relocation to different home and school settings upon the mental health and development of youth in foster care. The developmental impact of adverse experiences on these youth across different psychosocial development stages, mental health conditions to which this population is vulnerable, and challenges to meeting educational needs are delineated. The authors identify and discuss strategies for effective clinical intervention and advocacy that counselors may implement in school settings.
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