Although the third‐party payment system is a matter of heated debate among academics and policymakers, and empirical studies of it are commonplace, this paper is believed to be the first to theoretically model its macroeconomic impact on a small open economy. The outcomes indicate that increases in the use of third‐party payments will have a positive effect on national income in such an economy, but an ambiguous effect on domestic interest rates if the Marshall‐Lerner condition holds. However, if the Marshall‐Lerner condition does not hold, then increases in third‐party payments could lead to higher domestic interest rates in an economy of this type. Additionally, third‐party payments will ambiguous effects on such an economy's foreign‐exchange rate.

With the emergence of intelligent technology for cyber-physical systems (CPS), manufacturers’ production has come to the age of Industry 4.0, and the corresponding Business Model 4.0 has been born. Under Business Model 4.0, can consumers and producers obtain instant, sufficient, and transparent product or service information through the Internet in mutually beneficial behaviors? This article examines the economic system under the operation of Business Model 4.0 from the perspective of relevant theories of economics and attempt to analyze the theoretical mechanism of the operation of Business Model 4.0. It is found in the article that under the process of Business Model 4.0, it should be possible to quickly and easily achieve the conditions of Pareto efficient allocation in the economic theory. However, everyone involved in the Internet has to behave in favor of others in this Business Model 4.0. If this factor is lacking, the efficiency of the economic system may disappear.

Guiguzi summarised the techniques of lobbying and subjected them to inductive analysis, producing a work that is the culmination of lobbying, known as Guiguzi culture. In this study, the rationality and applicability of the strategy of Bai-He of Guiguzi culture were subjected to dialectics and analysis on the basis of the views of game theory. The findings demonstrated that the arguments proposed in the strategy of Bai-He in Guiguzi culture still conform to the behaviours exhibited in modern society of selecting a game strategy.

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is positioned as the most active bay with a high technological level and the strongest innovation capabilities in the global market. As the cities in the Greater Bay Area are pursuing the integration of management, technology, and enterprise innovation, and emphasizing the development of collaborative innovation, it is important at present to effectively promote the high-quality development of the regional economy and industry. Thus, we apply the basic concepts of industrial theories in the methods of research and summarize four aspects to explore the research topic. We find that leading companies need to be given the responsibility of building an industrial ecosystem and realizing self-evolution through digital transformation in creating a niche for disruptive innovation and development. Furthermore, enterprises need to form industrial chain clusters through the extensional development method of investment and M&A. In addition, enterprises need to build a new industrial aircraft carrier through collaborative competition to realize the expansion of the industrial ecology of the Greater Bay Area in the future.

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