Material for study -Right and Left adrenal . No. of Suicidal cases -HundredNo. of Accidental cases (control)-Twenty . Results: On Histological study it was found that the cells in Zona Glomerulosa showed increased nuclear density. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Zona Fasciculata with intracytoplasmic lipid depletion varying from mild to extensive giving rise to parenchymal cord-like arrangement of cells .Sinusoidal prominence in all the three zones including medulla.A normal pattern of Adrenal gland is informative of receipt of sudden violence i.e accident. Conclusion: The present study concludes and supports the idea that chronic stress as in suicide usuallyinduces adrenal growth which may have implications for forensic people in revealing the cause of unknown deaths.
Introduction: The basilar artery (BA) is formed by the fusion of right and left vertebral arteries and divides to form right and left posterior cerebral arteries. This study was done to provide a baseline database regarding length, mid-length diameter, level of origin, and level of termination of BA.Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight formalin-fixed brains were obtained from cadavers dissected for undergraduate studies. The external length and the average external diameter of BA were measured by a digital Vernier caliper. Variation in origin and termination of BA was noted using magnifying glass. Results: The length and diameter of the BA were 25.58 ± 3.57 mm and 3.05 ± 0.41 mm, respectively. The origin and termination of BA was normal in most cases. In two cases, the origin was above the pontomedullary junction, and in one case, it was below. In two cases, the termination was above the pontomesencephalic junction, and in one case, it was below. Conclusion: There was no gender predisposition in length and diameter of the basilar artery. The baseline data established in this study regarding length, diameter, level of origin and level of termination of basilar artery will help neurosurgeons and interventional radiologists to diagnose as well as plan and execute various vascular procedures such as shunting for the treatment of aneurysms and stenosis in the blood vessels of the posterior cranial fossa.
BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer
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