The aggregate of microorganisms in the soil environment is a microbiome that emerged as a vital component of sustainable agriculture in the recent past. These beneficial microorganisms perform multiple plant growth-promoting activities including fixation, mineralization, solubilization, and mobilization of nutrients, production of siderophores, antagonistic substances, antibiotics, and release of plant growth-promoting substances, such as auxin and gibberellin hormones, mediated by interactions between host plant roots and microbes in the rhizosphere. Numerous plant species forms symbiotic association with microbes and draw the benefit of mineral nutrient supply with the expense of minimal energy, and their distribution is governed by nature and the number of root exudates, crop species, and cultivars. On the other hand, microorganisms with critical roles in the microbiome can be isolated, formulated, and developed as a new biological product called biofertilizers. Agriculturally, important microbes with Fe- and Zn-solubilizing attributes can be used for the biofortification of micronutrients in different cereal crops. Regardless of the approach to be used, innovations with the use of microbiomes represent the future of sustainable agriculture. Probiotic microbes, such as Lactobacillus, etc., are increasingly being used as dietary supplements in functional food products. Effective utilization of microbiome aids in promoting sustainable agriculture that accomplishes a safe environment, which in turn manifests positively on human health.
Evaluate ef!cacy of CuO and ZnO NPs Seed Myco"ora Seed quality parameters Poison food technique for radial growth assay Seed germination Shoot Length Root Length Seedling Dry weight Cuo has greater antifungal activity than ZnO NPs have positive impact on seed quality parameters at lower concentration but reverse was noticed at higher doses Cuo and ZnO NPs could be used as effective seed protectants against seed borne myco"ora Hanging drop technique for spore germination assay O n l i n e C o p y
Increasing consumption of synthetic chemical fertilizers played a great role in alleviating hunger but has also resulted in some adverse effects on natural resources like disaster in soil quality and conceivable outcomes of water pollution. Due to these unfavorable effects, emphasis is being laid on alternate forms of agriculture that are more sustainable. The development of bioinoculant with multi-crop growth promoting activities is most important for sustenance of agriculture. Instead of being financially viable and ecoaccommodating in nature, a few imperatives incorporate temperamental supplies and non-appearance of appropriate quality control limit the application or execution of the innovation. In the present review status, use and major manufacturer /industries involved for production of bioinoculants in India has been presented. The total number of units including public, private and cooperatives estimated to be 297. Maharashtra is having the highest number of private companies (68) followed by Gujarat (56) while Tamil Nadu have the highest number public sector units (7) and Delhi is having highest number of cooperatives units (3). Production data (carrier base in MT) revealed that Gujarat (6575 MT) topped the list first followed by Madhya Pradesh and Karnatka (2589.9 MT) during 2016-17. Zone wise bio-fertilizer production in India during the same period is highest in Karnatka both in carrier based formulation (31553.06 MT) and liquid based formulation (993.443 KL). Highlights m Complementary use of bio-fertilizers and organic matter in suitable combinations with chemical fertilizers is the only way out in the present set of frgile agro ecosystem. m The global market for biofertilizers is expected to exceed a market worth of USD 10.2 billion by 2018. m Western parts of India is having more concentration of private companies while southern states is having the highest number public sector units and central part of India is having highest number of cooperatives units. m Key issue in formulation development and production of bioinoculant is the quality control of the products.
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