Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is one of the most important aquaculture species in Southeast Asia, with a significant contribution to the world fish basket. Like other crops, the striped catfish suffers from bacterial diseases that demand the use of antibiotics. The present study has evaluated the safety of oxytetracycline, one of the approved and commonly used antibiotics, in this species. Juvenile stages of the fish (31.16 ± 1.03 g) were administered with the antibiotic in feed at the dose rate of 80–800 mg kg−1 body weight daily for 30 days, followed by 10 days of withdrawal observation. Fish health was assessed by the study of behaviour and feed intake, haematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathology. Results showed that up to 30 days of antibiotic treatment resulted in no significant toxic effects in terms of behaviour and fish mortality. However, fish suffered from reduced feed intake and hepatotoxicity evidenced by proliferative and degenerative changes of hepatocytes, and increase in AST and ALT enzyme activities, especially in 400–800 mg kg−1 doses which, however, recovered after withdrawal of the drug. Although few fish died from a bacterial infection at the lowest concentration of the drug used, fish were able to mount adaptive physiological responses best at 80 mg kg−1 fish dosage. The study establishes that in‐feed administration of the antibiotic oxytetracycline @ 80 mg kg−1 fish biomass is safe for therapeutic use in P. hypophthalmus.
Problem statement: UlGen, a Polyherbal formulation, was investigated for its possible Ulcero-protective activity in ulcerogen and Cold-restraint stress induced Wister rats (Rattus rattus). Oral administration of UlGen, at a dose of 800 mg kg −1 significantly protected the onset of coldresistance stress induced ulcerations. Approach: It significantly inhibited gastric ulceration induced by alcohol and aspirin. Control group: Alcohol 80% induced ulcer was 42.00±2.30 and in UlGen treated rats showed 10.00±1.62. Using alcian blue stain to study the mucus secretion by mucosal cells carried out histological examination of gastric glandular mucosa. Results: The volume and acidity of gastric juice in pyloric-ligated rats was reduced in treated rats. Gastric volume (mL 100 g −1 ) in control rats showed 4.12±0.32 and in UlGen treated rats showed 2.50±0.20. Conclusion: UlGen, Cytoprotective effect may be due to the enhancement of defensive mechanism through an improvement of gastric cytoprotection as well as acid inhibition.
Microbial mobilization of sediment calcium-bound P constitutes an important process of P cycling in aquatic environments. The present study was conducted to identify the bacterial community responsible for inorganic phosphate solubilization in tropical oxbow lakes. Fifty eight phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from bottom soil, water, and fish gut and examined for solubilization of tricalcium phosphate. Results revealed aquatic PSB to be low to moderately capable in P solubilization (mean: 33.5 mg P l -1 ; range: 6.3-68.8 mg P l -1 ), and bacteria from wetland sediment and water were more effective than those from fish gut. The PSB were identified to belong to diverse genera, viz. Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Enterobacter, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium, Stenotrophomonas and Novosphingobium. The findings would help in understanding the microbial role in inorganic P solubilization and identifying important P solubilizers in freshwater environments.
The study aimed to examine the contamination status of arsenic (As) in excavated small water bodies, commonly known as ponds À the integral part of daily life in the arsenic-affected rural areas of West Bengal, India in comparison to the unaffected areas. The ponds of the contaminated area had higher levels of As: water 2À174 mg L ¡1 (mean 31 § 2 mg L ¡1 ) and sediment 1.3À37.3 mg kg ¡1 (mean 10.3 § 0.4 mg kg ¡1 ), than those from the unaffected area: water 1À8 mg L ¡1 (mean 4 § 0 mg L ¡1 ) and sediment 1.4À5.3 mg kg ¡1 (mean 3.0 § 0.1 mg kg ¡1 ). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the water and sediment arsenic content of the ponds of the arsenic-affected region (r D 0.688, n D 277, p < 0.0001). Contaminated ground water, either as direct input or through agricultural washings, was found to be the major contributor of arsenic pollution to these ecosystems. Seasonal variations were not prominent. This study emphasized the beneficial role of using the studied ecosystems over the highly contaminated ground water for various livelihood activities in the Gangetic delta region.
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