Introduction:The aspiration for light skin (fair complexion) is becoming pronounced in a greater number of people in the present times with natural products being more in demand than their synthetic counterparts. Research in the area of skin-lightening agents is an expanding field with the knowledge being updated regularly. In Ayurveda, varṇya, raktaprasādana, tvacya are few terms specifying skin lightening with respect to its modern counterpart i.e., Tyrosinase inhibition, the most commonly reported method of skin lightening.Aim:The present review is undertaken for screening twenty herbs from Varṇya Mahākaṣāya, Lodhrādi varṇya gaṇa, Elādi varṇa prasādana gaṇa and few varṇya formulations to evaluate their probable modes of action through which the skin lightening is effected as per both Ayurveda and biomedical concepts.Materials and Methods:Critical review of herbs to show varṇya property is compiled from various Ayurvedic texts as well as from multiple articles on the internet to justify their skin lightening property on the basis of data collected.Result and Conclusion:All the twenty herbs reviewed are found to act as varṇya directly (citation as varṇya) or indirectly (alleviation of pitta and rakta) as per Ayurveda and to interfere in melanogenesis pathway through tyrosinase inhibition as per biomedicine. This shows their potential to act as good skin whitening agents. Śuṇṭhi being a part of many varṇya formulations, is the only herb among all reviewed in the present study found to exhibit tyrosinase inhibition without any Ayurvedic citation of varṇya property.
The concept of stability is one of the most important issues regarding Ayurvedic formulations as till date no specific guidelines are available for the same. Although the Ayurvedic lexicon as well as Gazette notification issued by Government of India on 26 th November, 2005 revealed shelf life of Ayurvedic formulations, greater advancements in packaging and storage technology nowadays has created a need for the revision of their shelf life. Mainly, two guidelines, namely, International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and the World Health Organization provide details regarding parameters for stability study of pharmaceutical products but ICH guidelines from Q1 to Q11 is generally followed. A well-designed stability protocol containing information such as selection of batches and samples, test attributes, analytical procedures, acceptance criteria, storage conditions and period, testing frequency, sampling plan, container closure systematic, and various types of stability study and stability testing methods should be taken into consideration. Currently, pharmaceutical product is generally assayed using a validated stability indicating analytical method and an expiry date is marked based on the predicated period from date of manufacture when the pharmaceutical product would show more than 10% deterioration in the active molecule. Hence, these guidelines may also be implemented on Ayurvedic formulations where percentage degradation can be assayed when the product is stored at different conditions of temperature and humidity. The general concept of stability for Ayurvedic or modern medicine remains same but the parameters used to assess the stability may vary from product to product.
Amavata is the most crippling of the joint diseases, found globally in all climates and ethnic groups. It is a disease instigated due to the vitiation or worsening of Vayu linked with Ama (Undigested food). Vitiated Vayu mingles the Ama all over the body through Dhamanies (Arteries & Veins), takes lodging in the Shleshma Sthana (small and big joints) & harvest symptoms such as stiffness, swelling and tenderness thus assembly a person lame. The symptoms of Amavata revealed in Ayurveda are found slightly undistinguishable to Rheumatism, which embrace Rheumatoid arthritis & Rheumatic Fever. Due to extensive gamut of disease, abundant more prevalence in the civilisation and deficiency of effective medicine, the disease has been selected for the literary Survey. Acharya Govinddas Sen has mentioned numerous formulations acting on Aamvata (Rheumatoid Arthritis) in his book Bhaishajya Ratnavali. The present study is designed to screen the formulations with Ama-vatahara (Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis) property. Out of 3456 formulations mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnavali, 151 are found described for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis throughout the text which includes herbal, mineral and animal origin drug formulations.
Standard operating procedure for pharmaceutical preparation of Devdarvadyarishta has been developed in the present research work. A pilot scale study having 3 batches was carried out initially to find out the best possible fermenting vessel among glass jar, porcelain jar and stainless steel vessel and also to investigate for any possible hurdle related with fermentation process as honey and not jaggery is used as sweetening agent in this formulation. Three samples of Devdarvadyarishta as per conventional method were prepared in accordance with Bhaishjya Ratnavali and process for standard of Devdarvadyarishta was set in as a Quality specification for the same. Porcelain jar was found to be the best as per the results of pilot study as evident by alcohol content of 5.73%, 6.25% and 6.10% respectively in glass jar, porcelain jar and stainless steel vessel, the reaction being completed in between 38-47 days. Approximate duration of Kwatha formation in all the batches was 9 hours with peak temperature during boiling being maintained at 920C. In all the three batches, fermentation started on 7th day, 7th day and 9th day, total duration of fermentation was 72 days, 70 days and 75 days, with % loss of 15.78%, 17.76% and 19.07% respectively. Mean % loss observed during preparation was 17.53%.
Ayurveda with safe and effective goodness has been pouring its valuable treasures to mankind since time unknown. Guggulu preparations are supposed to be one among the finest shaman aushadha in the Vata vyadhis. Literature enlists a number of such guggulu preparations in the management of Vatarakta. In the present study literature regarding Gokshuradi Guggulu quoted in Sharangadhar Samhita for the management of Vatarakta is expounded with all possible details. Individual drugs of the chosen formulation is expanded with respect to their synonyms, botanical details including Latin name, family, botanical description and parts used, Rasa Panchaka, chemical constituents and modern research references related to Gout that can prove beneficial for mankind.
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