Skin wounds and their related bacterial infections are one of the issues that would seriously threaten public health. Wound dressings affording antibiofouling capability and incorporating antimicrobial agents could prevent infection and favor wound healing, which have significant clinical demands and value. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) induces toxic singlet oxygen to kill microbes through a photodynamic pathway that avoid the development of drug-resistant microbes. In this study, coaxial electrospinning technology was employed to fabricate an antibacterial wound dressing containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the core and zwitterionic and cross-linkable polysulfobetaine copolymer as the sheath. The prepared nanofibrous membranes exhibited good water uptake and retention capability, excellent in vitro biocompatibility and antifouling performance. The elastic properties of TPU improved the stretching and mechanical performance of the membranes that mimic the extensibility of the human skin. Moreover, methylene blue-loaded nanofibrous membranes have shown good antibacterial photodynamic inactivation against Gram-positiveStaphylococcus aureus (99.875%, 2.90 log units inactivation) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (99.705%, 2.53 log units inactivation) upon mild light irradiation (500 W m −2 ), while as expected, E. coli cells have shown lower susceptibility to aPDT. Overall, the zwitterionic core-sheath nanofibrous membranes with aPDT function are potentially used as a promising antibacterial wound dressing.
Cotton has been recognized as a useful biomaterial over decades, and it has been widely applied in the textile industry. However, a large amount of cotton waste is generated during the manufacturing processes, but it has been considered as a low-value product. With high content of cellulose remaining in cotton waste, our study focuses on transforming cotton cellulose into a valuable product. Cellulose was extracted from cotton waste and modified into two main materials for wound dressing application: hydrogel-based water absorbent materials and electrospun composite nanofibers. In order to enhance the water absorption, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), the modified cellulose with functional group prone to interact with water molecules, has been developed in this study. The hydrogel-based CMC was created by using the chemical cross-linking reaction of epichlorohydrin (ECH). The hydrogel demonstrated the swelling and reswelling ability by 1718 ± 137% and 97.95 ± 9.76%, respectively. Meanwhile, cellulose/PEG in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was successfully fabricated as nonwoven composite by a conventional electrospinning technique. The fabrics provided highly appropriated properties as wound dressing, including the following: water absorption was up to 1300 times and water vapor permeability controlled in the range of 2163–2285 g·m−2·day−1. This showed the preliminary information for recovering cotton waste into valuable products.
Hypoxic microenvironment and limited penetration of photosensitizers within solid tumors are two crucial factors that restrict the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we developed a new fluorinated mixed micelle (M60@PFC‐Ce6) as a tumor‐penetrating and oxygen‐enriching nanoplatform, which consists of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) co‐loaded into fluorinated micelles to relieve hypoxia conditions as well as folate as targeting ligand that facilitate the selective biodistribution within tumor solids. Incorporation of fluorinated copolymers into mixed micelles exhibits not only to greatly increase the oxygen‐loading capacity, but also improves the stability of liquid PFCs emulsion within micelles without leakage. M60@PFC‐Ce6 shows excellent oxygen delivery capability, good intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and superior phototoxicity in vitro for both 2D monolayer of cells and 3D multicellular spheroid model. These results indicate the enriched oxygen delivery and increased cellular uptake resulted from folate‐targeted ability enhance ROS production and PDT efficacy. The penetration study of M60@PFC‐Ce6 into a 3D spheroid confirms the small micellar size and folate conjugation are beneficial for micelles to penetrate and accumulate within spheroids. Thus, we provide a new nanoplatform with enriched oxygen‐carrying amount, better drug penetration and stable micellar properties that relieve tumor hypoxia and improve PDT efficacy.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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