ABSTRACT:The multiband and wideband performances of innovative fractal antennas constructed with circular patterns are proposed in this paper. By using the Descartes circle theorem and self-similar iteration design, the circular fractal antennas exhibit frequency-independent characteristics and multiband spectra. The simulated and experimental results with multiband/wideband spectra and radiation patterns are presented and discussed.
mm; hence, both elements can be easily integrated in embedded systems or in large planar-array configurations.The measured radiation patterns in both cases are in reasonable agreement with the simulated results, approximating typical dipole behavior with moderate absolute gain (3 to 5 dBi) at lower frequencies (below 4 GHz). At higher frequencies, both antenna designs exhibit unidirectional radiation characteristics, with higher gain (over 7.5 dBi) as compared to a conventional dipole performance. The front-to-back ratio is better than 10 dB and beamwidth is approximately 120°in the azimuth and 45°in the elevation plane. As a consequence, both radiators can be used at higher frequencies as directive base-station antennas (for example, in access points) to form sectors or backbone links of a wireless network. Due to higher gain, even single elements can be used (depending on the application needs), thus leading to an attractive, cost-effective, and easily fabricated alternative to larger arrays.
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