The high turnover of nurses has become a global problem. Several studies have proposed that nurses' perceptions of the ethical climate of their organization are related to higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and thus lead to higher organizational citizenship behaviors. This study uses hierarchical regression to understand which types of ethical climate, facets of job satisfaction, and the three components of organizational commitment influence different dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors. Questionnaires were distributed to 450 nurses, and 352 usable questionnaires were returned. The findings of the article suggest that hospitals can increase organizational citizenship behaviors by influencing an organization's ethical climate, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Hospital administrators can foster within organizations, the climate types of caring, law and code and rules climate, satisfaction with coworkers, and affective commitment and normative commitment that increase organizational citizenship behavior, while preventing organizations from developing the type of instrumental climate and continuance commitment that decreases it.

This study attempts to investigate the relationships among the ethical beliefs of Chinese consumers and orientations based on attitudinal attributes: materialism and moral philosophies (idealism and relativism). In addition, this study examines Chinese consumers' ethical beliefs in relation to five selected demographic characteristics (gender, age, religion, family income and education). Based on this exploratory study of 284 Chinese consumers, the following statistically significant findings were discovered. First, Chinese consumers regard that a passively benefiting activity is more ethical, but actively benefiting from an illegal or a questionable activity is unacceptable. Second, the two dimensions of passively benefiting and no harm/no foul can be used to distinguish the consumers who endorse higher levels of idealism or relativism. Third, Chinese consumers with a high level of materialism are more likely to actively benefit from illegal and questionable activities, and the passively benefiting actions. Finally, the more ethical Chinese consumers seem to be younger, be religious, and have a lower family income.

The practice of the two-day weekend for tourist activities has improved the life quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate how marketing strategies influence the tourists' consuming behaviors. By convenience sampling, this study investigated the 1170 customers who had experienced in Janfusun Fancy World Group in Central Taiwan. Inferential statistics including descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to determine if there were significant differences in marketing strategies and consuming behavioral intentions among customers' characteristics. The following conclusions were developed: (1) Consumer's behaviors and perception of marketing strategies have significant correlation: alternative evaluation before consumption has a significant medium positive relationship with the price importance in the marketing mix; (2) about the perception of a marketing mix, the price importance has the highest positive relationship with the place importance; (3) Among demographic variables, gender makes significant impact on consumer's choice of the security measures, traffic convenience and price levels. (4) Age and living areas appear to have significant differentiation in consumer's choice of price strategies and marketing activities. Practical suggests are to have market segmentation by variables of gender, ages and geographical areas, and to make post purchase behavioral intention through high service quality.