Aim
To evaluate the relationship between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) treatment and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in diabetic patients.
Methods
We used the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database for this population-based and population-matched cohort design study. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to evaluate the association between categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test was used to estimate the risk of CRS and DPP4i users.
Results
A total of 6198 diabetic patients were included in this cohort study. DPP4i users had a lower risk of developing CRS. The risk of CRS was significantly lower in women, patients with a Diabetes Complications Severity Index score higher than 4, patients with comorbidities, and patients with higher cumulative defined daily dose in the DPP4i group.
Conclusion
The results of our study demonstrate that the use of DPP4i treatment could decrease CRS risk in diabetic patients in Taiwan.
In this study, the authors constructed structural equation models in order to determine the relationship between students’ learning attitudes and their computational thinking perspectives and programming empowerment. The purpose is to understand students’ perceived competence to use computational thinking effectively, along with their computer programming learning attitude regarding the C++ programming language for one semester (2 hours per week, 36 total learning hours). A total of 495 students specializing in the medical field participated in the study. Structural equation models were constructed according to three adapted scales: the computer programming learning attitude scale, the computational thinking perspectives scale, and the programming empowerment scale. The computer programming learning attitude scale is based on three factors: willingness, negativity, and necessity. The computational thinking perspectives scale also considers three factors: the ability to express, the ability to connect, and the ability to question. The programming empowerment scale is composed of four factors: meaningfulness, impact, creative self-efficacy, and programming self-efficacy. The results showed that a positive learning attitude will positively affect computational thinking perspectives and programming empowerment. However, when students have a negativity attitude, feeling that they are being forced to learn the C++ programming language, their computational thinking perspectives and programming empowerment will be negatively affected. In order to promote students’ learning attitude, various teaching strategies, teaching curriculum design, and pedagogy design could be further explored.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.