Background: Low-income countries still have challenges with vaccine-preventable diseases, despite improvement in immunization coverage in Rwanda, cases of drop out and incomplete immunization persists.Methods: The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional approach with the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques on a population of 186 guardians/mothers with their under five children. Convenience sampling techniques was used to draw study sample size of 127 that attends the clinic and approval to participate in the study.  Data was obtained from validated study instruments and immunization records over a period of one month.Results: Study results showed that religion (p=0.01), gender (p=0.03), age (p=0.009) and educational status (p=0.04) influenced incomplete immunizations. About 78 (61.4%) respondents are unaware that vaccines prevents specific diseases, while 61 (48.0%) were too busy with other duty at the time of immunizations and 89 (70.1%) Participants do not see the need to complete the immunization. Furthermore, the age of the mother Knowledge of child immunization and hospital delivery were statistically significant with (p<0.05). Immunization cards and histories verified showed about 120 (94.4%) children were fully immunized, 46(24.5 %) were partially immunized and 67 (52.8%) children immunized before age one.Conclusions: A number of children were not fully immunized in their first year of life; others were inappropriately vaccinated. Emphasis made on completion of immunization schedule.

Background Diabetes is one of the most important chronic diseases that have a great impact on health as people with diabetes are constantly being reminded of their disease daily; they have to eat carefully, exercise, and test their blood glucose. They often feel challenged by their disease because of its day-to-day management demands and these affect their quality of life. The study aimed at determining the effect of an educational intervention program on the quality of life of Individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South East, Nigeria. Methods A quasi-experimental controlled study involving three hundred and eighty-two (382) type 2 DM persons recruited from the tertiary health institutions in South East, Nigeria, and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups respectively. Data was collected from the diabetic clinics of the health institutions using the SF – 36 questionnaires. Pretest data collection was done, and thereafter, education on self-care was given to the intervention group. After a 6months follow-up, post-test data were collected from both groups. Analysis was done using an Independent t-test, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Paired Samples Test, and Spearman rank order correlation at 0.05 alpha level. Results The control group indicated significantly higher mean HRQOL scores in most domains of the HRQOL before intervention (t = -1.927 to -6.072, p < 0.05). However, 6 months after the intervention, the mean HRQOL scores of the intervention group increased significantly in all the domains of HRQOL (p < 0.05) with an effect size of 0.14 (Eta squared). A comparison of the two groups shows a statistically significant difference (64.72 ± 10.96 vs. 58.85 ± 15.23; t = 4.349. p = 0.001) after the intervention. Age was inversely correlated with some domains of HRQOL; as age increases, HRQOL decreases in those domains. Gender had no significant influence on HRQOL. Conclusion Educational intervention was effective in improving HRQOL in individuals with type 2 DM. Hence, it is recommended for inclusion in all diabetes care plans.

Background Diabetes is one of the most important chronic diseases that have a great impact on health as people with diabetes are constantly being reminded of their disease daily; they have to eat carefully, exercise and test their blood glucose. They often feel challenged by their disease because of its day-to-day management demands and these affect their quality of life. The study aimed at determining the effect of an educational intervention program on the quality of life of Individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South East, Nigeria. Methods A quasi-experimental controlled study involving three hundred and eighty-two (382) type 2 DM persons recruited from the tertiary health institutions in South East, Nigeria, and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups respectively. Data was collected from the diabetic clinics of the health institutions using the SF – 36 questionnaires. Pretest data collection was done, thereafter, education on self-care was given to the intervention group. After a 6months follow-up, post-test data were collected from both groups. Analysis was done using an Independent t-test, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Paired Samples Test, and Spearman rank order correlation at 0.05 alpha level. Results The control group indicated significantly higher mean HRQOL scores in most domains of the HRQOL before intervention (t = -1.927 to -6.072, p < 0.05). However, 6 months after the intervention, the mean HRQOL scores of the intervention group increased significantly in all the domains of HRQOL (p < 0.05). Also, the overall mean HRQOL score of the intervention group increased significantly by 5.87point after intervention (64.72 ± 10.96 vs 58.85 ± 15.23; t = 4.349. p = 0.001). Age was inversely correlated with some domains of HRQOL; as age increases, HRQOL decreases in those domains. Gender had no significant influence on HRQOL. Conclusion Educational intervention was very effective in improving HRQOL in individuals with type 2 DM. Hence, it is recommended for inclusion in all diabetes care plans.

Background: Health workers are constantly exposed to chemical, physical, psychological and biological agents that affect their health. Regular information is critical for setting priorities necessary to enhance workers health and safety. The study determined the occurrence of occupational health hazards among health care worker in the three selected district health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda (July-December 2016).Methods: It adopted a cross-sectional design involving both qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches. A total of 249 healthcare workers were selected systematically for interviewing. Data were collected using semi structured questionnaires, a focus group discussion guide and an observational checklist. Data analysis involves descriptive and inferential statistics. The observed differences in the parameter of estimate were considered significantly different at p<0.05.Results: Back-ache and accidents experienced while working contributed majority of occupational hazards, thus; 151 (60.6%, 95% CI=54.28–66.75) and 139 (55.8%, 95% CI=49.42–62.09), respectively. Health hazards from violence and molestation contributed 8 (3.2%, 95% CI=01.39–6.23) of the cases, furthermore, lack of hospital management commitment to policy, poor policy enforcement, health facility safety activities, employees’ participation in safety programs and post exposure compliance were associated with occurrence occupational hazard among healthcare workers (p<0.05). Qualitatively, the process of waste collection, sorting, marking, storage and transportation were not in line with policy regulations and contributed further to the hazard cases.Conclusions: Finally, direct job supervision, proper job placement, training and effective safety communication and reporting can enhance work safety and risk aversion.

Background Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease, which requires a level of confidence among the sufferers in its management. Objective This study investigated the effect of an educational intervention program on self-efficacy (SE) in diabetes individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-East, Nigeria. Method The study was a quasi-experimental controlled study, comprising 382 individuals with type 2 DM selected and assigned to Intervention (IG) and Control Groups(CG). The instrument for data collection was the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (SCDS). Pretest data were collected, and thereafter education on diabetes management was given to the IG group. The IG was followed up for six months. At the end of six months, post-test data were collected using the same instrument. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test statistics. A p-value less than 0.05alpha level was considered significant. Result More than 25% of all study participants had low self-efficacy in most domains of self-efficacy before intervention. Participants in IG and CG were similarly spread across all self-efficacy domains before intervention except in the social recreation domain where the IG had a significantly, good proportion of participants with low self-efficacy (χ2 = 11.743, p = 0.003). Conclusion The study outcome after 6-months of intervention shows that a significant proportion of participants in IG moved from low to either moderate or high SE in almost all the SE domains (p ˂ 0.05), thus showing the effectiveness of education on the IG.