[Purpose] This study aimed to evaluate the changes in lower-extremity muscle strength,
balance performance, and body composition. [Participants and Methods] In this study, 21
healthy university students who underwent short-term whole-body vibration training without
previous whole-body vibration training participated. The study design was randomized
between-groups design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups;
control, training, and whole-body vibration training. All participants completed a
six-week training protocol comprising a first two-week training period, two-week rest
period following the first training period, and second two-week training period. Over four
periods, the participants’ lower-extremity muscle strength, balance performance, and body
composition were evaluated. Separate three-by-four repeated-measure analyses of variance,
with three exercise mode groups and four periods, were initially used to analyze the
primary outcome variables; lower-extremity muscle strength, balance performance, and body
composition. [Results] In the three groups, lower-extremity muscle strength, static and
dynamic balance performances, and body composition showed no changes during all periods.
[Conclusion] This study provides a better insight on the responsiveness of short-term
whole-body vibration training and will help determine whole-body vibration programs in
revalidation and training.
This article analyses Mme de Staël's ideas on liberty as they were expressed in Lettres sur les ouvrages et le caractère de J.-J. Rousseau of 1788 -1789. Lettres sur les ouvrages et le caractère de J.-J. Rousseau was a reaction to highly polemical debates on liberty that originated in the discourse on natural sociability and that existed in the Parisian salon society between the 1770s and 1780s. Staël combined the two opposing philosophical and economic viewpoints, by the philosophes and Rousseau on the one hand and by Necker and the economists on the other, into a set of liberal values applicable to a new political era despite some self-contradictions. As such, Staël sustained the intellectual legacy of the French enlightenment into revolutionary France.
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