Our findings provide support for the results of European studies, suggesting that early life social circumstances influence future risk of suicide. Factors specific to Taiwanese culture, such as a preference for male offspring, may have influenced gender-specific patterns of risk.
Background: The risk of dementia increases by 15–28% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, studies on dementia risk in type 1 DM have been neither comprehensive nor conclusive. Methods: We carried out a cohort study involving 1,077 patients registered to have type 1 DM from 1998 to 2009 and 32,310 matched non-DM controls who were selected from Taiwan National Health Insurance Claims. These participants were followed up from their first clinical appearance for type 1 DM treatment in 1998–2009 to the date of dementia diagnosis or the last day of 2011. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia incidence. Results: The incidence rates of dementia reached 42.8 and 13.1 per 104 person-years for the type 1 DM and control groups respectively. The adjusted HR of dementia in patients with type 1 DM was estimated at 3.01 (95% CI 2.18–4.14) after adjustment for demographics, comorbidity, urbanization, monthly income, and annual frequency of ambulatory care visits. No significant difference in sex-specific HR was observed. Conclusions: The relative risk of developing dementia (118–314%) in patients with type 1 DM was much higher than the previously reported relative risk (15–28%) associated with type 2 DM.
The transcripts expression of certain MMPs and TIMPs is altered in Tenon capsule of glaucoma patients, which might result from long-term application of topical glaucoma medications.
The aims of the study were to investigate the potential factors to influence serum vitamin B12 levels which may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety patients with HCC and 90 healthy controls provided a blood specimen for B12 analysis. Demographic and disease‐related variables were previously recorded. Compared with the controls, HCC patients had a significantly higher level of mean serum B12 (1355 ± 1365 vs. 717 ± 589 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.0001). There were significant correlations between serum B12, liver injuries (GOT, GPT and ALT levels, P < 0.05), alpha‐fetal protein levels (r = 0.382, P = 0.001), and tumour size (r = 0.300, P = 0.004). As patients were followed up for at least 30 months or until death, HCC cases in the highest terile of serum B12 levels (mean survival 13.5 months) had a significantly worse survival than those in the second (mean survival 25.0 months) and lowest tertile groups (mean survival 30.7 months; P for trend = 0.001). Thus, the data suggest that elevated blood vitamin B12 levels of HCC patients were associated with liver injuries and tumour progression. High B12 levels predict poor survival in patients with HCC.The study was supported by the grants (DOH95, 96‐TD‐F‐113‐008) to RF Huang.
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