For large volumes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) onshore and offshore transportation, pipeline is considered the preferred method. This paper presents a study of the pipeline network planned in the Humber region of the UK. Steady state process simulation models of the CO 2 transport pipeline network were developed using Aspen HYSYS ® . The simulation models were integrated with Aspen Process Economic Analyser ® (APEA). In this study, techno-economic evaluations for different options were conducted for the CO 2 compression train and the trunk pipelines respectively. The evaluation results were compared with other published cost models. Optimal options of compression train and trunk pipelines were applied in an optimal case. The overall cost of CO 2 transport pipeline network was analyzed and compared between the base case and the optimal case. The results show the optimal case has an annual saving of 22.7 M€. For the optimal case, levelized energy and utilities cost is 7.62 €/t-CO 2 , levelized capital cost of trunk pipeline is about 8.11 €/t-CO 2 and levelized capital cost of collecting system is 2.62 €/t-CO 2 . The overall levelized cost of the optimal case was also compared to the result of another project to gain more insights for CO 2 pipeline network design.

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Published experimental observations of high viscosity liquid-gas horizontal flows have indicated that hydrodynamic slug flow is the commonest flow regime encountered over a wide range of flow conditions. Since hydrodynamic slugging generates high pressure fluctuations capable of damaging production pipelines, it is necessary to understand the complex characteristics of high viscosity slug flow regime through the analysis of one of its key parameters namely, slug frequency.Investigating slug parameters is crucial, especially when existing slug flow models used in the Petroleum Industry are not suitable for predicting the behaviour of high viscosity oil-gas flow. This is because most existing empirical correlations for predicting slug parameters are based on low viscosity liquid-gas flows which have different hydrodynamic features compared to high viscosity liquid-gas flows.In Cranfield University, an experimental investigation of high viscosity oil-air flow was performed to study the effect of liquid viscosity and flow variables on hydrodynamic slug flow. Experiments were conducted at liquid superficial velocities (V so ) and gas superficial velocities (V sg ) ranging from 0.06 m/s to 2.0 m/s and 0.0 m/s to 4.0 m/s respectively. For each experimental run, a singlebeam gamma densitometer was used to measure slug frequency. The effect of liquid viscosity (μ) on the measured slug frequency was investigated for the range of 1100 cP to 4000 cP. When compared against measured high viscosity slug frequency data, none of the existing empirical correlations used were able to produce accurate predictions. The predicted results tend to diverge from experimental data by several orders of magnitude. Given this context, a new Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VII 447 empirical correlation for slug frequency was proposed. The new empirical slug frequency correlation was compared against an independent experimental dataset. The comparison indicated that the new empirical correlation performed better than existing correlations in predicting slug frequency of high viscosity liquid-gas flows.

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Hydrodynamic slug fl ow is the commonest fl ow regime observed in high viscosity liquid-gas horizontal pipelines over a wide range of different fl ow conditions. Hydrodynamic slugging tends to generate large vibrations that may impose structural instability or even damage oil production pipelines. For that reason, there is a need to investigate high viscosity slug fl ow regime to understand its complex characteristics. This is pertinent when considering that existing slug fl ow models used in the petroleum industry to design production pipelines are not suitable for predicting the behaviour of high viscosity oil-gas fl ow. In this study, the effects of liquid viscosity and fl ow variables on slug fl ow regime were investigated experimentally through the analysis of two key parameters-slug frequency and slug body liquid holdup, both measured with a gamma densitometer. Comparison of the measured slug parameters to existing correlations revealed that slug body liquid holdup correlations were in close agreement with high viscosity experimental data. However, none of the existing slug frequency correlations used was able to produce accurate predictions. A new empirical correlation for slug frequency was proposed. Compared with existing correlations, the newly proposed correlation performed much better in predicting slug frequency of high viscosity liquid-gas fl ows.