Matrix hybrid membranes, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), silica gel (SG) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized by phase inversion via immersion precipitation method. The characterization of membrane samples was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, contact angle, porosity, mean pore size and water permeability measurements. The FTIR analysis showed the appearance of new bands attributed to the functional groups of SG and ZnO. The XRD analysis confirmed a modification in the structure of membranes. The prepared membranes were used for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. Membrane filtration experiments show that the water permeability and Cr(VI) rejection ratios increase with increasing the weight ratio ZnO (%)/SG (%). The maximum values of the Cr(VI) rejection rate and water permeability were respectively 85% and 685 L/m2hbar for weight ratios (0.75% of ZnO/0.25% of SG).
The crystal structure of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and morphology of composite membranes prepared from mixture of PVDF, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Sodium Maghnite nanoclay has been investigated in this research work. Several analytical methods were used for the characterisation of synthesised membrane samples such as FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), porosity and contact angle It was found the effect of adding of increasing amounts of Maghnite can improve the piezoelectric phase of PVDF. These is confirmed by the increase of the Beta crystal phase ratio. It was proved also that the synthetised membranes occurs different interaction with Serum Albovine protein by the increase of the fouling index fluxes for the membrane with reach content of Maghnite. Which confirm that the deposition effect of BSA in the membrane surface with high amounts of β crystal structures.
<p>Waste water treatment using chemicals reagents are effective but pose serious environmental and health problems.Public demand for renewable and biodegradable products grows with awareness of environmental protection, materials of biological origin appear to offer solutions. In our present work, we have synthetized matrix membranes based on different compositions of granulated actived carbonne (GAC),kaolin,Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Iron Oxyde (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The membrane samples &#160;were characterized by different analytical methods such as FTIR spectroscopy and XRD .The matrix membranes were tested for the removal of toxic metals such as chromium from aqueous solutions&#160; The experimental test were caried on filtration unit .After each filtration test ,the concentraton of the heavy metals were be determined by analytical method . The rejection rate ratio was calculatad refering to the values of the copper and chromium concentration on Feed and permeate .solutions .The results shows the important contribution of natural inorganic matter on the copper and chromium ions from water.</p>
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